wꜣḏ

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *wrḳ-.[1] If so, cognate with Proto-Semitic *waraq- (“green”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (verb): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːʀacʼ/ → /ˈwaːʀatʼ/ → /ˈwaːʔətʼ/ → /ˈwoːʔətʼ/
 
  • (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːʀicʼ/ → /ˈwaːʀitʼ/ → /ˈwaːʔətʼ/ → /ˈwoːʔətʼ/

Noun
wAD

 m

  1. papyrus stem (with an umbel)
  2. symbol of Lower Egypt

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
wAwADZ1
wAD
wAD
wAAD
wAD
wꜣḏ wꜣḏ wꜣḏ

Noun
O206

 m

  1. (usually in the plural) a papyriform column or pillar

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Noun
wADZ1
O39

 m

  1. a papyrus-stem-shaped amulet conveying freshness and vigour

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
M14O39
wAD
wꜣḏ wꜣḏ

Verb
wADD
Y1

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) green
  2. (intransitive) to be(come) fresh
  3. (intransitive) to thrive, to flourish

Inflection
Conjugation of wꜣḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜣḏ, geminated stem: wꜣḏḏ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏw, wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏt
 wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
wꜣḏ
 ḥr wꜣḏ
 m wꜣḏ
 r wꜣḏ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect wꜣḏ.n
 consecutive wꜣḏ.jn
terminative wꜣḏt
perfective3 wꜣḏ
 obligative1 wꜣḏ.ḫr
imperfective wꜣḏ
prospective3 wꜣḏ
 potentialis1 wꜣḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive wꜣḏ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect wꜣḏ.n
 — —
perfective wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏ, wꜣḏw5, wꜣḏy5
imperfective wꜣḏ, wꜣḏy, wꜣḏw5
 wꜣḏ, wꜣḏj6, wꜣḏy6
 wꜣḏ, wꜣḏw5
prospective wꜣḏ, wꜣḏtj7
 wꜣḏtj4, wꜣḏt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
wADD
M14
wADZ1
d
wꜣḏ wꜣḏ wꜣd

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)

Adjective
wADD
Y1
  1. perfective active participle of wꜣḏ: green, fresh, thriving, vigorous

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (perfective active participle)
masculine feminine
singular wꜣḏ
 wꜣḏt
dual wꜣḏwj
 wꜣḏtj
plural wꜣḏw
 wꜣḏwt1, wꜣḏt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Derived terms

See under the verb above.

Descendants
  • Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)

See also
Colors in Egyptian ·
iwn
n		 nwwD3
Z2
(jwnw) (layout · text)
basic colors             
HDD&ra
 (ḥḏ)		             
kmmD3
 (km)		                 
d
S		 rG27
 (dšr)		                 
wADD
Y1
(wꜣḏ)
nonbasic colors         
q
n		 it
N33A
(qnjt)		             
xsbDN33C
 (ḫsbḏ)		         
iir
t		 tywN33C
Z2ss
(jrtjw)

Noun
wADZ1
O39

 m

  1. malachite

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
M14O39
wADO39
wAD w
N33A
wꜣḏ wꜣḏ wꜣḏ

Noun
wADD
Y1		 A1

 m

  1. the happy or fortunate

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
M14
wꜣḏ

Noun
wAD

 m

  1. offspring, generally in reference to the king as son of a god or Horus as son of Osiris

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
wADA17
wADA1
wꜣḏ wꜣḏ

Noun
wADM2
Z2

 m

  1. green plants in general

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
M14iiM2
Z2
M14M2
Z2
M14M14M14Z3
wꜣḏ wꜣḏ wꜣḏ

Noun
M14U9

 m

  1. grain

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular wꜣḏ
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  
wADM34N33B
N33B N33B
wꜣḏ

References
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 31–32
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