tutoyer
English
Verb
tutoyer (third-person singular simple present tutoyers, present participle tutoyering, simple past and past participle tutoyered)
- (transitive) To address (someone) in French using the familiar second-person pronoun tu; to thou.
- 1862, The Edinburgh Review: Or Critical Journal, volume 115, page 132:
- As I had begged Goethe to tutoyer me, he sent me a message to say, I must really remain more than the two days I had named, otherwise he should never get into the way of doing so.
- 1866, William Stamer, Recollections of a Life of Adventure, volume 1, page 83:
- […] Corporal Cornichon, walking straight up to the bar, "tutoyering" me all the time in the most horridly familiar manner, clapped me on the back, and asked me to take a glass of cognac with him.
Synonyms
Translations
to address (someone) using the familiar second-person pronoun — see thou
See also
French
Etymology
From tu + -oyer with euphonic t; compare the Icelandic þúa, German duzen and English thou. Cognate with Portuguese tutear, Spanish tutear and Romanian tutui.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ty.twa.je/
audio (file)
Verb
tutoyer
- (transitive) to thou (to address (someone) using the informal second-person pronoun tu rather than the formal vous)
- Antonym: vouvoyer
- (colloquial) to be familiar with, to be close to something
- Tutoyer la mort. ― To be no stranger to death
- 2024 (14 April), Yves Boisvert, "J'ai marié un espion", La Presse:
- Le centre-ville restauré de Bozeman a gardé son charme western rustique, tout en accueillant une nouvelle cohorte de hipsters, amateurs de plein air, de vélo de montagne et de kombucha. Ils sont venus tutoyer l’ours et le pygargue à tête blanche dans les sentiers de montagne et ne sont jamais repartis.
- Downtown Bozeman has kept its rustic western charm all while welcoming a new cohort of hipsters, fans of the outdoors, mountain bikes, and kombucha. They came to get up close and personal with the bear and the bald eagle on mountain trails and never left.
Conjugation
This verb is part of a large group of -er verbs that conjugate like noyer or ennuyer. These verbs always replace the 'y' with an 'i' before a silent 'e'.
Conjugation of tutoyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | tutoyer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | tutoyant /ty.twa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | tutoyé /ty.twa.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | tutoie /ty.twa/ |
tutoies /ty.twa/ |
tutoie /ty.twa/ |
tutoyons /ty.twa.jɔ̃/ |
tutoyez /ty.twa.je/ |
tutoient /ty.twa/ |
| imperfect | tutoyais /ty.twa.jɛ/ |
tutoyais /ty.twa.jɛ/ |
tutoyait /ty.twa.jɛ/ |
tutoyions /ty.twaj.jɔ̃/ |
tutoyiez /ty.twaj.je/ |
tutoyaient /ty.twa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | tutoyai /ty.twa.je/ |
tutoyas /ty.twa.ja/ |
tutoya /ty.twa.ja/ |
tutoyâmes /ty.twa.jam/ |
tutoyâtes /ty.twa.jat/ |
tutoyèrent /ty.twa.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | tutoierai /ty.twa.ʁe/ |
tutoieras /ty.twa.ʁa/ |
tutoiera /ty.twa.ʁa/ |
tutoierons /ty.twa.ʁɔ̃/ |
tutoierez /ty.twa.ʁe/ |
tutoieront /ty.twa.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | tutoierais /ty.twa.ʁɛ/ |
tutoierais /ty.twa.ʁɛ/ |
tutoierait /ty.twa.ʁɛ/ |
tutoierions /ty.twa.ʁjɔ̃/ |
tutoieriez /ty.twa.ʁje/ |
tutoieraient /ty.twa.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | tutoie /ty.twa/ |
tutoies /ty.twa/ |
tutoie /ty.twa/ |
tutoyions /ty.twaj.jɔ̃/ |
tutoyiez /ty.twaj.je/ |
tutoient /ty.twa/ |
| imperfect2 | tutoyasse /ty.twa.jas/ |
tutoyasses /ty.twa.jas/ |
tutoyât /ty.twa.ja/ |
tutoyassions /ty.twa.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
tutoyassiez /ty.twa.ja.sje/ |
tutoyassent /ty.twa.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | tutoie /ty.twa/ |
— | tutoyons /ty.twa.jɔ̃/ |
tutoyez /ty.twa.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “tutoyer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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