ruveta
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *rubët'ak (akin to Ludian rubeta), probably from ruve- (“scab”) + -ta.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈruʋetɑˣ/, [ˈruʋe̞t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -uʋetɑ
- Syllabification(key): ru‧ve‧ta
Verb
ruveta
- to begin or start to do something (+ active third infinitive in illative, first infinitive or noun in illative)
- Rupeaa satamaan.
- It's beginning to rain.
- Milloin ruvetaan tositoimiin?
- When do we start the real action?
- to take up (to begin doing an activity on a regular basis) (+ active third infinitive in illative or first infinitive)
- Olen ruvennut ompelemaan.
- I've taken up knitting.
- to become or wish to become something in the future (+ translative)
- Rupean lääkäriksi.
- I will become a doctor.
- Hän aikoo ruveta tanssijaksi.
- He plans to become a dancer.
Usage notes
- In the sense "to begin" or "to take up", ruveta is usually followed by the active third infinitive form of a verb in illative, a first infinitive or, less often, with illative form of a noun that is closely related to an activity, such as työ (“work”). In the sense "to become something," that which one becomes is in translative.
- (begin to do): ruveta tends to represent a more active and/or voluntary role in the action than alkaa.
Conjugation
Inflection of ruveta (Kotus type 74*E/katketa, p-v gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rupean | en rupea | 1st sing. | olen ruvennut | en ole ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rupeat | et rupea | 2nd sing. | olet ruvennut | et ole ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rupeaa | ei rupea | 3rd sing. | on ruvennut | ei ole ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rupeamme | emme rupea | 1st plur. | olemme ruvenneet | emme ole ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rupeatte | ette rupea | 2nd plur. | olette ruvenneet | ette ole ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rupeavat | eivät rupea | 3rd plur. | ovat ruvenneet | eivät ole ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | ruvetaan | ei ruveta | passive | on ruvettu | ei ole ruvettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rupesin | en ruvennut | 1st sing. | olin ruvennut | en ollut ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rupesit | et ruvennut | 2nd sing. | olit ruvennut | et ollut ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rupesi | ei ruvennut | 3rd sing. | oli ruvennut | ei ollut ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rupesimme | emme ruvenneet | 1st plur. | olimme ruvenneet | emme olleet ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rupesitte | ette ruvenneet | 2nd plur. | olitte ruvenneet | ette olleet ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rupesivat | eivät ruvenneet | 3rd plur. | olivat ruvenneet | eivät olleet ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | ruvettiin | ei ruvettu | passive | oli ruvettu | ei ollut ruvettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rupeaisin rupeisin |
en rupeaisi en rupeisi |
1st sing. | olisin ruvennut | en olisi ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rupeaisit rupeisit |
et rupeaisi et rupeisi |
2nd sing. | olisit ruvennut | et olisi ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rupeaisi rupeisi |
ei rupeaisi ei rupeisi |
3rd sing. | olisi ruvennut | ei olisi ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rupeaisimme rupeisimme |
emme rupeaisi emme rupeisi |
1st plur. | olisimme ruvenneet | emme olisi ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rupeaisitte rupeisitte |
ette rupeaisi ette rupeisi |
2nd plur. | olisitte ruvenneet | ette olisi ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rupeaisivat rupeisivat |
eivät rupeaisi eivät rupeisi |
3rd plur. | olisivat ruvenneet | eivät olisi ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | ruvettaisiin | ei ruvettaisi | passive | olisi ruvettu | ei olisi ruvettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rupea | älä rupea | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ruvetkoon | älköön ruvetko | 3rd sing. | olkoon ruvennut | älköön olko ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | ruvetkaamme | älkäämme ruvetko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | ruvetkaa | älkää ruvetko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ruvetkoot | älkööt ruvetko | 3rd plur. | olkoot ruvenneet | älkööt olko ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | ruvettakoon | älköön ruvettako | passive | olkoon ruvettu | älköön olko ruvettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | ruvennen | en ruvenne | 1st sing. | lienen ruvennut | en liene ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | ruvennet | et ruvenne | 2nd sing. | lienet ruvennut | et liene ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ruvennee | ei ruvenne | 3rd sing. | lienee ruvennut | ei liene ruvennut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | ruvennemme | emme ruvenne | 1st plur. | lienemme ruvenneet | emme liene ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | ruvennette | ette ruvenne | 2nd plur. | lienette ruvenneet | ette liene ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ruvennevat | eivät ruvenne | 3rd plur. | lienevät ruvenneet | eivät liene ruvenneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | ruvettaneen | ei ruvettane | passive | lienee ruvettu | ei liene ruvettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | ruveta | present | rupeava | ruvettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | ruvennut | ruvettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | ruvetessa | ruvettaessa | agent3 | rupeama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | rupeamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | ruveten | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | rupeamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | rupeamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | rupeamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | rupeamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | rupeamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | rupeaman | ruvettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | rupeaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
References
Further reading
- “ruveta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *rubët'ak. Cognates include Finnish ruveta and dialectal Estonian rubida.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈruʋetɑ/, [ˈruʋe̞t]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈruʋetɑ/, [ˈruʋe̞d̥ɑ]
- Rhymes: -uʋet, -uʋetɑ
- Hyphenation: ru‧ve‧ta
Verb
ruveta
- (intransitive + allative) to start using
- 1916, V. Alava, quoting Vöglä, “1953. Soikkola, Suija. VI1009”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot, volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:
- Mäntii(n) jänist' ampumaa(n). // Jänis kielelle ruppeis,
- We went to shoot a hare. // The hare engaged his tongue,
- (auxiliary + third infinitive in illative) to start
Conjugation
Conjugation of ruveta (type 16/maata, p-v gradation, gemination) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | ruppeen | en ruppee | 1st singular | oon ruvent, oon ruvennut | en oo ruvent, en oo ruvennut |
2nd singular | ruppeet | et ruppee | 2nd singular | oot ruvent, oot ruvennut | et oo ruvent, et oo ruvennut |
3rd singular | rupejaa | ei ruppee | 3rd singular | ono ruvent, ono ruvennut | ei oo ruvent, ei oo ruvennut |
1st plural | ruppeemma | emmä ruppee | 1st plural | oomma ruvenneet | emmä oo ruvenneet |
2nd plural | ruppeetta | että ruppee | 2nd plural | ootta ruvenneet | että oo ruvenneet |
3rd plural | rupejaat1), ruppeevat2), ruvetaa | evät ruppee, ei ruveta | 3rd plural | ovat ruvenneet | evät oo ruvenneet, ei oo ruvettu |
impersonal | ruvetaa | ei ruveta | impersonal | ono ruvettu | ei oo ruvettu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | rupeisin | en ruvent, en ruvennut | 1st singular | olin ruvent, olin ruvennut | en olt ruvent, en olt ruvennut |
2nd singular | rupeisit, ruppeist1) | et ruvent, et ruvennut | 2nd singular | olit ruvent, olit ruvennut | et olt ruvent, et olt ruvennut |
3rd singular | rupeis | ei ruvent, ei ruvennut | 3rd singular | oli ruvent, oli ruvennut | ei olt ruvent, ei olt ruvennut |
1st plural | rupeisimma | emmä ruvenneet | 1st plural | olimma ruvenneet | emmä olleet ruvenneet |
2nd plural | rupeisitta | että ruvenneet | 2nd plural | olitta ruvenneet | että olleet ruvenneet |
3rd plural | rupeisiit1), rupeisivat2), ruvettii | evät ruvenneet, ei ruvettu | 3rd plural | olivat ruvenneet | evät olleet ruvenneet, ei olt ruvettu |
impersonal | ruvettii | ei ruvettu | impersonal | oli ruvettu | ei olt ruvettu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | rupejaisin | en rupejais | 1st singular | olisin ruvent, olisin ruvennut | en olis ruvent, en olis ruvennut |
2nd singular | rupejaisit, rupejaist1) | et rupejais | 2nd singular | olisit ruvent, olisit ruvennut | et olis ruvent, et olis ruvennut |
3rd singular | rupejais | ei rupejais | 3rd singular | olis ruvent, olis ruvennut | ei olis ruvent, ei olis ruvennut |
1st plural | rupejaisimma | emmä rupejais | 1st plural | olisimma ruvenneet | emmä olis ruvenneet |
2nd plural | rupejaisitta | että rupejais | 2nd plural | olisitta ruvenneet | että olis ruvenneet |
3rd plural | rupejaisiit1), rupejaisivat2), ruvettais | evät rupejais, ei ruvettais | 3rd plural | olisivat ruvenneet | evät olis ruvenneet, ei olis ruvettu |
impersonal | ruvettais | ei ruvettais | impersonal | olis ruvettu | ei olis ruvettu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | ruppee | elä ruppee | 2nd singular | oo ruvent, oo ruvennut | elä oo ruvent, elä oo ruvennut |
3rd singular | ruvetkoo | elköö ruvetko | 3rd singular | olkoo ruvent, olkoo ruvennut | elköö olko ruvent, elköö olko ruvennut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | ruvetkaa | elkää ruvetko | 2nd plural | olkaa ruvenneet | elkää olko ruvenneet |
3rd plural | ruvetkoot | elkööt ruvetko, elköö ruvettako | 3rd plural | olkoot ruvenneet | elkööt olko ruvenneet, elköö olko ruvettu |
impersonal | ruvettakkoo | elköö ruvettako | impersonal | olkoo ruvettu | elköö olko ruvettu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | ruvennen | en ruvenne | |||
2nd singular | ruvennet | et ruvenne | |||
3rd singular | ruvennoo | ei ruvenne | |||
1st plural | ruvennemma | emmä ruvenne | |||
2nd plural | ruvennetta | että ruvenne | |||
3rd plural | ruvennoot | evät ruvenne, ei ruvettane | |||
impersonal | ruvettannoo | ei ruvettane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | ruveta | present | ruppeeva | ruvettava | |
2nd | inessive | ruvetees | past | ruvent, ruvennut | ruvettu |
instructive | ruveten | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (ruvetkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | ruppeemaa | |||
inessive | ruppeemaas | ||||
elative | ruppeemast | ||||
abessive | ruppeemata | ||||
4th | nominative | ruppeemiin | |||
partitive | ruppeemista, ruppeemist |
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 493
Karelian
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