ruveta

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rubët'ak (akin to Ludian rubeta), probably from ruve- (“scab”) +‎ -ta.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈruʋetɑˣ/, [ˈruʋe̞t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -uʋetɑ
  • Syllabification(key): ru‧ve‧ta

Verb

ruveta

  1. to begin or start to do something (+ active third infinitive in illative, first infinitive or noun in illative)
    Rupeaa satamaan.
    It's beginning to rain.
    Milloin ruvetaan tositoimiin?
    When do we start the real action?
  2. to take up (to begin doing an activity on a regular basis) (+ active third infinitive in illative or first infinitive)
    Olen ruvennut ompelemaan.
    I've taken up knitting.
  3. to become or wish to become something in the future (+ translative)
    Rupean lääkäriksi.
    I will become a doctor.
    Hän aikoo ruveta tanssijaksi.
    He plans to become a dancer.

Usage notes
  • In the sense "to begin" or "to take up", ruveta is usually followed by the active third infinitive form of a verb in illative, a first infinitive or, less often, with illative form of a noun that is closely related to an activity, such as työ (“work”). In the sense "to become something," that which one becomes is in translative.
  • (begin to do): ruveta tends to represent a more active and/or voluntary role in the action than alkaa.

Conjugation
Inflection of ruveta (Kotus type 74*E/katketa, p-v gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. rupean en rupea 1st sing. olen ruvennut en ole ruvennut
2nd sing. rupeat et rupea 2nd sing. olet ruvennut et ole ruvennut
3rd sing. rupeaa ei rupea 3rd sing. on ruvennut ei ole ruvennut
1st plur. rupeamme emme rupea 1st plur. olemme ruvenneet emme ole ruvenneet
2nd plur. rupeatte ette rupea 2nd plur. olette ruvenneet ette ole ruvenneet
3rd plur. rupeavat eivät rupea 3rd plur. ovat ruvenneet eivät ole ruvenneet
passive ruvetaan ei ruveta passive on ruvettu ei ole ruvettu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. rupesin en ruvennut 1st sing. olin ruvennut en ollut ruvennut
2nd sing. rupesit et ruvennut 2nd sing. olit ruvennut et ollut ruvennut
3rd sing. rupesi ei ruvennut 3rd sing. oli ruvennut ei ollut ruvennut
1st plur. rupesimme emme ruvenneet 1st plur. olimme ruvenneet emme olleet ruvenneet
2nd plur. rupesitte ette ruvenneet 2nd plur. olitte ruvenneet ette olleet ruvenneet
3rd plur. rupesivat eivät ruvenneet 3rd plur. olivat ruvenneet eivät olleet ruvenneet
passive ruvettiin ei ruvettu passive oli ruvettu ei ollut ruvettu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. rupeaisin
rupeisin		 en rupeaisi
en rupeisi		 1st sing. olisin ruvennut en olisi ruvennut
2nd sing. rupeaisit
rupeisit		 et rupeaisi
et rupeisi		 2nd sing. olisit ruvennut et olisi ruvennut
3rd sing. rupeaisi
rupeisi		 ei rupeaisi
ei rupeisi		 3rd sing. olisi ruvennut ei olisi ruvennut
1st plur. rupeaisimme
rupeisimme		 emme rupeaisi
emme rupeisi		 1st plur. olisimme ruvenneet emme olisi ruvenneet
2nd plur. rupeaisitte
rupeisitte		 ette rupeaisi
ette rupeisi		 2nd plur. olisitte ruvenneet ette olisi ruvenneet
3rd plur. rupeaisivat
rupeisivat		 eivät rupeaisi
eivät rupeisi		 3rd plur. olisivat ruvenneet eivät olisi ruvenneet
passive ruvettaisiin ei ruvettaisi passive olisi ruvettu ei olisi ruvettu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. rupea älä rupea 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. ruvetkoon älköön ruvetko 3rd sing. olkoon ruvennut älköön olko ruvennut
1st plur. ruvetkaamme älkäämme ruvetko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. ruvetkaa älkää ruvetko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. ruvetkoot älkööt ruvetko 3rd plur. olkoot ruvenneet älkööt olko ruvenneet
passive ruvettakoon älköön ruvettako passive olkoon ruvettu älköön olko ruvettu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. ruvennen en ruvenne 1st sing. lienen ruvennut en liene ruvennut
2nd sing. ruvennet et ruvenne 2nd sing. lienet ruvennut et liene ruvennut
3rd sing. ruvennee ei ruvenne 3rd sing. lienee ruvennut ei liene ruvennut
1st plur. ruvennemme emme ruvenne 1st plur. lienemme ruvenneet emme liene ruvenneet
2nd plur. ruvennette ette ruvenne 2nd plur. lienette ruvenneet ette liene ruvenneet
3rd plur. ruvennevat eivät ruvenne 3rd plur. lienevät ruvenneet eivät liene ruvenneet
passive ruvettaneen ei ruvettane passive lienee ruvettu ei liene ruvettu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st ruveta present rupeava ruvettava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st ruvetakseni ruvetaksemme
2nd ruvetaksesi ruvetaksenne
3rd ruvetakseen
ruvetaksensa
 past ruvennut ruvettu
2nd inessive2 ruvetessa ruvettaessa agent3 rupeama
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st ruvetessani ruvetessamme
2nd ruvetessasi ruvetessanne
3rd ruvetessaan
ruvetessansa
 negative rupeamaton
instructive ruveten — 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

3rd inessive rupeamassa —
elative rupeamasta —
illative rupeamaan —
adessive rupeamalla —
abessive rupeamatta —
instructive rupeaman ruvettaman
4th4 verbal noun rupeaminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st rupeamaisillani rupeamaisillamme
2nd rupeamaisillasi rupeamaisillanne
3rd rupeamaisillaan
rupeamaisillansa

Synonyms

Derived terms

References
  1. Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rubët'ak. Cognates include Finnish ruveta and dialectal Estonian rubida.

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈruʋetɑ/, [ˈruʋe̞t]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈruʋetɑ/, [ˈruʋe̞d̥ɑ]
  • Rhymes: -uʋet, -uʋetɑ
  • Hyphenation: ru‧ve‧ta

Verb

ruveta

  1. (intransitive + allative) to start using
    • 1916, V. Alava, quoting Vöglä, “1953. Soikkola, Suija. VI1009”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot‎, volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:
      Mäntii(n) jänist' ampumaa(n). // Jänis kielelle ruppeis,
      We went to shoot a hare. // The hare engaged his tongue,
  2. (auxiliary + third infinitive in illative) to start

Conjugation
Conjugation of ruveta (type 16/maata, p-v gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular ruppeen en ruppee 1st singular oon ruvent, oon ruvennut en oo ruvent, en oo ruvennut
2nd singular ruppeet et ruppee 2nd singular oot ruvent, oot ruvennut et oo ruvent, et oo ruvennut
3rd singular rupejaa ei ruppee 3rd singular ono ruvent, ono ruvennut ei oo ruvent, ei oo ruvennut
1st plural ruppeemma emmä ruppee 1st plural oomma ruvenneet emmä oo ruvenneet
2nd plural ruppeetta että ruppee 2nd plural ootta ruvenneet että oo ruvenneet
3rd plural rupejaat1), ruppeevat2), ruvetaa evät ruppee, ei ruveta 3rd plural ovat ruvenneet evät oo ruvenneet, ei oo ruvettu
impersonal ruvetaa ei ruveta impersonal ono ruvettu ei oo ruvettu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular rupeisin en ruvent, en ruvennut 1st singular olin ruvent, olin ruvennut en olt ruvent, en olt ruvennut
2nd singular rupeisit, ruppeist1) et ruvent, et ruvennut 2nd singular olit ruvent, olit ruvennut et olt ruvent, et olt ruvennut
3rd singular rupeis ei ruvent, ei ruvennut 3rd singular oli ruvent, oli ruvennut ei olt ruvent, ei olt ruvennut
1st plural rupeisimma emmä ruvenneet 1st plural olimma ruvenneet emmä olleet ruvenneet
2nd plural rupeisitta että ruvenneet 2nd plural olitta ruvenneet että olleet ruvenneet
3rd plural rupeisiit1), rupeisivat2), ruvettii evät ruvenneet, ei ruvettu 3rd plural olivat ruvenneet evät olleet ruvenneet, ei olt ruvettu
impersonal ruvettii ei ruvettu impersonal oli ruvettu ei olt ruvettu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular rupejaisin en rupejais 1st singular olisin ruvent, olisin ruvennut en olis ruvent, en olis ruvennut
2nd singular rupejaisit, rupejaist1) et rupejais 2nd singular olisit ruvent, olisit ruvennut et olis ruvent, et olis ruvennut
3rd singular rupejais ei rupejais 3rd singular olis ruvent, olis ruvennut ei olis ruvent, ei olis ruvennut
1st plural rupejaisimma emmä rupejais 1st plural olisimma ruvenneet emmä olis ruvenneet
2nd plural rupejaisitta että rupejais 2nd plural olisitta ruvenneet että olis ruvenneet
3rd plural rupejaisiit1), rupejaisivat2), ruvettais evät rupejais, ei ruvettais 3rd plural olisivat ruvenneet evät olis ruvenneet, ei olis ruvettu
impersonal ruvettais ei ruvettais impersonal olis ruvettu ei olis ruvettu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular ruppee elä ruppee 2nd singular oo ruvent, oo ruvennut elä oo ruvent, elä oo ruvennut
3rd singular ruvetkoo elköö ruvetko 3rd singular olkoo ruvent, olkoo ruvennut elköö olko ruvent, elköö olko ruvennut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural ruvetkaa elkää ruvetko 2nd plural olkaa ruvenneet elkää olko ruvenneet
3rd plural ruvetkoot elkööt ruvetko, elköö ruvettako 3rd plural olkoot ruvenneet elkööt olko ruvenneet, elköö olko ruvettu
impersonal ruvettakkoo elköö ruvettako impersonal olkoo ruvettu elköö olko ruvettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular ruvennen en ruvenne
2nd singular ruvennet et ruvenne
3rd singular ruvennoo ei ruvenne
1st plural ruvennemma emmä ruvenne
2nd plural ruvennetta että ruvenne
3rd plural ruvennoot evät ruvenne, ei ruvettane
impersonal ruvettannoo ei ruvettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st ruveta present ruppeeva ruvettava
2nd inessive ruvetees past ruvent, ruvennut ruvettu
instructive ruveten 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (ruvetkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative ruppeemaa
inessive ruppeemaas
elative ruppeemast
abessive ruppeemata
4th nominative ruppeemiin
partitive ruppeemista, ruppeemist

Synonyms

References
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 493

Karelian

Verb

ruveta

  1. start
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