rote
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɹəʊt/
- (US) IPA(key): /ɹoʊt/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊt
- Homophone: wrote
Etymology 1
From Middle English rote (“custom, habit, wont, condition, state”), further origin unknown. Found in the Middle English phrase bi rote (“by heart, according to form, expertly”), c. 1300. Some have proposed a relationship either with Old French rote/rute (“route”), or Latin rota (“wheel”) (see rotary), but the OED calls both suggestions groundless. Another explanation might be the metaphorical comparison between anything repetitive and playing the rote.
Noun
rote (uncountable)
- Mechanical routine; a fixed, habitual, repetitive, or mechanical course of procedure.
- The pastoral scenes from those commercials don’t bear too much resemblance to the rote of daily life on a farm.
- He could perform by rote any of his roles in Shakespeare.
Usage notes
- Commonly found in the phrase “by rote” and in attributive use: “rote learning”, “rote memorization”, and so on.
- Often used pejoratively in comparison with “deeper” learning that leads to “understanding”.
Synonyms
- roteness (uncommon)
Translations
|
See also
Adjective
rote (comparative more rote, superlative most rote)
- By repetition or practice.
- 2000, Ami Klin with Fred R. Volkmar and Sara S. Sparrow, Asperger syndrome, page 316:
- The former may be seen as a more rote form of learning, contrasting with the latter which appears to include "executive" aspects
Verb
rote (third-person singular simple present rotes, present participle roting, simple past and past participle roted)
- (obsolete) To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate.
- 1744, Zachary Grey, ann., Hudibras, in Three Parts, Written in the Time of the Late Wars: Corrected and Amended. With Large Annotations, and a Preface, by Zachary Grey, LL.D., vol. 2. Dublin: […] Robert Owen […] and William Brien […]. page 92:
- The Model of it was, That a third Part of the Senate or Parliament, ſhould rote out by Ballot every Year; […].
- 1744, Zachary Grey, ann., Hudibras, in Three Parts, Written in the Time of the Late Wars: Corrected and Amended. With Large Annotations, and a Preface, by Zachary Grey, LL.D., vol. 2. Dublin: […] Robert Owen […] and William Brien […]. page 92:
- (transitive) To learn or repeat by rote.
- [Volumnia to Corolianus] "Because that it lies you on to speak/ to th' people, not by your own instruction,/ Nor by th' matter which your heart prompts you,/ But with such words that are but roted in/ your tongue,..." Coriolanus III.ii.52-55
Etymology 2
From Old Norse rót n (“tossing, pitching (of sea)”), perhaps related to rauta (“to roar”); see hrjóta. Compare Middle English routen (“to roar, bellow, storm, rage, howl”).
Noun
rote (uncountable)
Translations
Etymology 3
From Middle English rote, from Old French rote, probably of German origin; compare Middle High German rotte, and English crowd (“a kind of violin”).
Noun
rote (plural rotes)
- (music) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy.
- 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:
- extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes
- Synonym of crowd.
References
- “rote”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁɔt/
- Rhymes: -ɔt
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old French rote, Middle High German rotte.
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
rote
- inflection of roter:
- first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
- second-person singular imperative
Further reading
- “rote”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Gallo
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʁoːtə/
Audio (file)
Adjective
rote
- inflection of rot:
- strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
- strong nominative/accusative plural
- weak nominative all-gender singular
- weak accusative feminine/neuter singular
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Late Old English rōt, rōte, from Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. Doublet of wort (“plant”). See more at English root.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈroːt(ə)/
Noun
- The root (submerged part of a plant):
- 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:
- Whan that Auerill wt his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour […]
- When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]
- A root used as food; a root vegetable or tuber.
- A root employed for supposed curative or medical properties.
- The foundation or base of a protuberance or extension of the body:
- Something which generates, creates, or emanates something:
- The origin of an abstract quality; that which something originally came from.
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Tymothe ·i· 6:10, page 84r; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- foꝛ þe roote of alle yuelis is coueitiſe / whiche ſummen coueitynge .· erriden fro þe feiþ. / ⁊ biſettiden hem wiþ manye ſoꝛewis
- And the root of all wrongs is covetousness, which some yearned for and strayed from the faith; they've unleashed many sorrows upon themselves.
- A wellspring or exemplar of an abstract quality that which something comes from.
- The offspring of a certain individual or nation as a progenitor; a lineage or descent.
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 5:5, page 119r; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- ⁊ oon of the eldere men ſeide to me / wepe þou not / lo! a lioun of the lynage of iuda .· þe roote of dauiþ haþ ouercomen to opene þe book · ⁊ to vndoon þe ſeuene ſeelis of it
- And one of the elders said to me: "Don't weep. Look, a lion of the people of Judah and the stock of David has arrived to open the book and undo its seven seals."
- The origin of an abstract quality; that which something originally came from.
- The foundation of a tall structure (e.g. a trunk, pole, turret)
- The (or a key) foundational or core condition, essence or portion of something.
- One who descends from another; a member of an individual's lineage or stock.
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 22:16, page 118v; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- I iheſus ſente min aungel to witneſſe. to ȝou þeſe þingis in chirchis I am þe roote ⁊ þe kyn of Dauid .· ⁊ þe ſchynynge moꝛewe ſterre
- "I, Jesus, sent my angel to deliver all of you these things in churches. I'm the scion and descendant of David and (I'm) the shining morning star."
- The base of a peak or mount; the beginning of an elevation.
- A protuberance resembling or functioning like a root.
- The most inner, central, or deepest part of something.
- (rare, astronomy) Data used for astronomical purposes.
- (rare, mathematics) A mathematical root.
References
- “rọ̄te, n.(4).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-23.
Etymology 2
Unknown. Sometimes connected to Old French route (“route”) or Latin rota (“wheel”), but OED rejects both comparisons.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrɔːt(ə)/
Descendants
- English: rote
References
- “rōte, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-22.
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Old French rote, from Latin chrotta, borrowed from a Germanic form such as Old High German hruoza, borrowed itself from a Celtic term deriving from Proto-Celtic *kruttos; compare Welsh crwth. A doublet of crowde.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrɔːt(ə)/
References
- “rōte, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-22.
Neapolitan
Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /roːtə/
Verb
rote (present tense roter, past tense rota or rotet, past participle rota or rotet)
- to untidy, to make a mess
- (slang) to fool around (engage in casual or flirtatious sexual acts)
Derived terms
- rotet (or rotete)
- rotehue
- rotekopp
Related terms
References
- “rote” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
- rota (a-infinitive)
Verb
rote (present tense rotar, past tense rota, past participle rota, passive infinitive rotast, present participle rotande, imperative rote/rot)
- to untidy
Related terms
Alternative forms
- ròte (alternative spelling)
Etymology 3
From Old Norse roti, from Middle Low German rote from Old French rote, from Medieval Latin rota, rotta, ruta, rutta (“a rout”).
Noun
rote f (definite singular rota, indefinite plural roter or rotor, definite plural rotene or rotone)
- (pre-2012) alternative form of rode (see there for more.)
References
- “rote” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French
Portuguese
Verb
rote
- inflection of rotar:
- first/third-person singular present subjunctive
- third-person singular imperative
Spanish
Verb
rote
- inflection of rotar:
- first/third-person singular present subjunctive
- third-person singular imperative
Swedish
Etymology
Old Swedish rote, from Middle French route, roupte (“disorderly flight of troops”), literally "a breaking off, rupture," from Vulgar Latin *rupta (“a dispersed group”), literally "a broken group," from Latin rupta. Related to English rout.
Noun
rote c
Declension
Declension of rote | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | rote | roten | rotar | rotarna |
Genitive | rotes | rotens | rotars | rotarnas |
Related terms
- brandrote
- postrote
- rotechef
- rotehjon
- rotepar
See also
References
- rote in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- rote in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- rote in Walter E. Harlock, Svensk-engelsk ordbok : skolupplaga (1964)