ro-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ro"
Mohawk
Prefix
ro-
- pronominal prefix for
- He ____ (patient)
- It/she ____ him
- He ____ him
Alternative forms
- | Initial consonant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environment | t/s/h/k | n/r/w/’ | a | e/en | o/on | i | y |
Word-Initial | ro- | ro- | ro- | raw- | ra- | ro- | ro- |
References
- Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 303, 384
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *ɸro-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”), from the root *per- (“to go forth, cross”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πρό (pró), Latin prō, and Old English fram.
In Old Irish ro- is the main preverb used as the augment indicating resultative or potential action. In pre-Old Irish its function was to turn an atelic verb into a telic verb, shown by the fact that certain inherently telic verbs remain immune to augmentation with ro- (or similar preverbs). It can therefore be inferred to have previously been a marker of the perfective aspect, but this can no longer be said to be the case in Old Irish proper.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /r͈o/
Prefix
ro-
- indicates anterior completion
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51c9
- is in núall do·ngniat hó ru·maith fora naimtea remib
- it is the cry that they make [unaugm.] when their enemies are/have been routed [augm.] before them
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51c9
- (with the preterite) forms a non-narrative past tense (sometimes called the perfect, used to denote that an event is to be considered outside of the strictly chronological order)
- c. early 8th century, Notes in the Book of Armagh, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, pp. 238-43: p. 141.14-16
- Is di-sin didiu fu·rráith Fiacc Find Dubthach 7 berrsi Pátricc 7 baitzisi. Du·bbert grád n-epscoip fair conic é epscop insin cita-ru·oirtned la Laigniu 7 du·bbert Pátricc cumtach du Fíacc
- It is thereupon, then, that Fiacc the Fair took [unaugm.] the place of Dubthach, and Patrick tonsured [unaugm.] him and baptized [unaugm.] him. He conferred [unaugm.] the order of bishop upon him, so that he is the bishop who was first ordained [augm.] among the Leinstermen, and Patrick gave [unaugm.] a case to Fíacc.
- c. early 8th century, Notes in the Book of Armagh, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, pp. 238-43: p. 141.14-16
- indicates possibility or ability
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51c14
- air ní-ru·guigter gnímai Dé
- for the works of God cannot be falsified
- Synonym: con·icc
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51c14
- (with subjunctive) used to change jussive subjunctive into a weaker expression of wish
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 30a10
- ní-ro·héla úait
- may it not escape from you
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 30a10
- (with an adjective) indicates a high degree: very
Derived terms
Old Irish terms prefixed with ro-
References
- McCone, Kim (1997) The Early Irish Verb (Maynooth Monographs 1), 2nd edition, Maynooth: An Sagart, →ISBN, pages 111-121
Further reading
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, pages 339–43
- McCone, Kim (1997) The Early Irish Verb (Maynooth Monographs 1), 2nd edition, Maynooth: An Sagart, →ISBN, pages 89-126
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
See ro.
Prefix
ro-
- pre-
- ro- (“pre-”) + ràit (“speaking”) → ro-ràite (“previously mentioned”)
- ro- (“pre-”) + suidhich (“arrange”) → ro-shuidhich (“to pre-arrange; to schedule”)
- ultra-, extremely
- over-, too (comparative)
- ro- (“too”) + bruich (“cooked”) → ro-bhruich (“over-cooked”)
- ro- (“too”) + meud (“many; much”) → ro-mheud (“too many; too much”)
Derived terms
Scottish Gaelic terms prefixed with ro-
Related terms
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.