naukua
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *naukudak ~ *näüküdäk; onomatopoeic. Compare Veps näukta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnɑu̯kuɑˣ/, [ˈnɑ̝u̯kuɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ɑukuɑ
- Syllabification(key): nau‧ku‧a
Conjugation
| Inflection of naukua (Kotus type 52*D/sanoa, k-∅ gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | nau'un | en nau’u | 1st sing. | olen naukunut | en ole naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | nau'ut | et nau’u | 2nd sing. | olet naukunut | et ole naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | naukuu | ei nau’u | 3rd sing. | on naukunut | ei ole naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | nau'umme | emme nau’u | 1st plur. | olemme naukuneet | emme ole naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | nau'utte | ette nau’u | 2nd plur. | olette naukuneet | ette ole naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | naukuvat | eivät nau’u | 3rd plur. | ovat naukuneet | eivät ole naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | nau'utaan | ei nau’uta | passive | on nau'uttu | ei ole nau'uttu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | nau'uin | en naukunut | 1st sing. | olin naukunut | en ollut naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | nau'uit | et naukunut | 2nd sing. | olit naukunut | et ollut naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | naukui | ei naukunut | 3rd sing. | oli naukunut | ei ollut naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | nau'uimme | emme naukuneet | 1st plur. | olimme naukuneet | emme olleet naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | nau'uitte | ette naukuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte naukuneet | ette olleet naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | naukuivat | eivät naukuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat naukuneet | eivät olleet naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | nau'uttiin | ei nau’uttu | passive | oli nau'uttu | ei ollut nau'uttu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | naukuisin | en naukuisi | 1st sing. | olisin naukunut | en olisi naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | naukuisit | et naukuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit naukunut | et olisi naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | naukuisi | ei naukuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi naukunut | ei olisi naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | naukuisimme | emme naukuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme naukuneet | emme olisi naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | naukuisitte | ette naukuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte naukuneet | ette olisi naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | naukuisivat | eivät naukuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat naukuneet | eivät olisi naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | nau'uttaisiin | ei nau’uttaisi | passive | olisi nau'uttu | ei olisi nau'uttu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | nau'u | älä nau’u | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | naukukoon | älköön naukuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon naukunut | älköön olko naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | naukukaamme | älkäämme naukuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | naukukaa | älkää naukuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | naukukoot | älkööt naukuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot naukuneet | älkööt olko naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | nau'uttakoon | älköön nau’uttako | passive | olkoon nau'uttu | älköön olko nau'uttu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | naukunen | en naukune | 1st sing. | lienen naukunut | en liene naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | naukunet | et naukune | 2nd sing. | lienet naukunut | et liene naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | naukunee | ei naukune | 3rd sing. | lienee naukunut | ei liene naukunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | naukunemme | emme naukune | 1st plur. | lienemme naukuneet | emme liene naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | naukunette | ette naukune | 2nd plur. | lienette naukuneet | ette liene naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | naukunevat | eivät naukune | 3rd plur. | lienevät naukuneet | eivät liene naukuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | nau'uttaneen | ei nau’uttane | passive | lienee nau'uttu | ei liene nau'uttu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | naukua | present | naukuva | nau'uttava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | naukunut | nau'uttu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | naukuessa | nau'uttaessa | agent3 | naukuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | naukumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | naukuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | naukumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | naukumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | naukumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | naukumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | naukumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | naukuman | nau'uttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | naukuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Further reading
- “naukua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
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