meiden
German
Etymology
From Middle High German mīden, from Old High German mīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *mīþan. Cognate with Dutch mijden and Old English mīþan (archaic English mithe).
The expected past forms in modern German would be *mitt, *gemitten (as still in leiden, schneiden), but the Grammatischer Wechsel was levelled out (perhaps to avoid the similarity with unrelated mit, mitten). To meiden was then adapted scheiden, whose original past participle was gescheiden.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmaɪ̯dən/, [ˈmaɪ̯.dn̩], [-dən]
Audio (file) - Homophone: Maiden
Verb
meiden (class 1 strong, third-person singular present meidet, past tense mied, past participle gemieden, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to avoid, to keep away from
- 2010, Der Spiegel, number 22/2010, page 126:
- Pasta, Kuchen, Müsli, Brot – wer an Zöliakie leidet, muss viele gängige Lebensmittel meiden: Das Eiweiß Gluten, das bei den Betroffenen zu chronischer Darmentzündung führt, kommt in den meisten Getreidearten vor.
- Pasta, cakes, muesli, bread – someone who suffers from celiac disease has to avoid many common foods: the protein gluten, which leads to chronic intestinal inflammation for the sufferers, occurs in most types of grain.
- (transitive) to shun
Conjugation
infinitive | meiden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | meidend | ||||
past participle | gemieden | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich meide | wir meiden | i | ich meide | wir meiden |
du meidest | ihr meidet | du meidest | ihr meidet | ||
er meidet | sie meiden | er meide | sie meiden | ||
preterite | ich mied | wir mieden | ii | ich miede1 | wir mieden1 |
du miedest du miedst |
ihr miedet | du miedest1 | ihr miedet1 | ||
er mied | sie mieden | er miede1 | sie mieden1 | ||
imperative | meid (du) meide (du) |
meidet (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “meiden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “meiden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “meiden” in Duden online
- “meiden” in OpenThesaurus.de
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “meiden”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Middle High German mīden, from Old High German mīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *mīþan. Cognate with German meiden, Dutch mijden, English mithe.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmɑɪ̯dən/
Conjugation
Regular | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | meiden | |
participle | gemidden | |
auxiliary | hunn | |
present indicative |
imperative | |
1st singular | meiden | — |
2nd singular | meits | meit |
3rd singular | meit | — |
1st plural | meiden | — |
2nd plural | meit | meit |
3rd plural | meiden | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
Related terms
Further reading
- meiden in the Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire