mēness
Latvian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”). Cognates include Lithuanian mėnuo (“month, moon”), Old Church Slavonic мѣсѧць (měsęcĭ, “moon, month”) (Russian ме́сяц (mésjac), Polish miesiąc, Czech měsíc), Sanskrit मास (māsa), Persian ماه (mâh), Old Armenian ամիս (amis), Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn, “moon”), Latin mēnsis (“month”) (Spanish mes, Italian mese, French mois), Proto-Celtic *mīns (Irish mí, Welsh mis), Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs (“month”) (Old English mōnaþ, English month, German Monat, Dutch maand, Swedish månad).
Pronunciation
(file) |
Noun
mēness m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)
- (astronomy) moon (largest satellite of the Earth; often Mēness)
- mēness aptumsums ― lunar eclipse
- mēness virsma ― moon surface
- mēness gaisma, mēnessgaisma ― moonlight
- mēness spīd ― the moon shines
- mēness nakts ― (full) moon night
- mēness jūra ― moon sea, mare (dark area on the surface of the moon)
- mēness kalendārs ― lunar calendar
- mēness fāzes ― moon phases
- jauns, augošs, pilns, dilstošs mēness ― new, crescent, full, waning moon
- vecs mēness ― old moon (visible only as a thin crescent oriented towards the sun)
- tukšs mēness ― empty moon (new moon when entirely invisible)
- bāls kā mēness ― pale as the moon
- (astronomy) moon, satellite (of another planet)
- Jupitera mēneši ― the moons of Jupiter
Usage notes
- When referring to the Earth's largest satellite as a location, mēness is often capitalized: Mēness.
- The noun mēnesis (“month”) is often confused with its homonym mēness (“moon”), with which it has most declension forms in common (only the nominative singular and genitive singular forms of these two nouns are different).
Declension
Declension of mēness (2nd declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | mēness | mēneši |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | mēnesi | mēnešus |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | mēness | mēnešu |
dative (datīvs) | mēnesim | mēnešiem |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | mēnesi | mēnešiem |
locative (lokatīvs) | mēnesī | mēnešos |
vocative (vokatīvs) | mēnesi | mēneši |
Derived terms
See also
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