lära

• IPA^(key): /ˈlæːˌra/

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From Middle Low German lēre or Old Saxon lēra. Compare Danish lære.

lära c

1. a scientific branch, a theory
2. a creed, a doctrine, a tenet
3. an apprenticeship

From late Old Norse læra, lǽra, from Old Saxon lērian, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną.

lära (present lär, preterite lärde, supine lärt, imperative lär)

1. to teach, to instruct

   Min vän lär mig franska.

   My friend is teaching me French.

2. (reflexive) to learn, to study, to teach oneself

   Jag lär mig franska.

   I am learning French.

The verb lära requires the presence of two objects; who is learning and what is being learnt. If the one who is learning is the same as the subject of the clause, the reflexive pronoun sig oneself must be placed immediately after the verb, and the construction is understood as to learn or study. If however the one who is learning is not the same as the subject of the clause, the construction is understood as to teach or instruct. In both cases the subject/matter being learnt must follow.

If who is learning is the same as the subject (co-referential), the source of the knowledge being imparted may be specified by a prepositional phrase headed by either av or från. If this source is an active instructor, av is preferred, and if a passive source, then från is the preferred choice.

• Jag lär mig franska av min vän.

  I am learning French from my friend.

• Jag lär mig franska från en bok.

  I am learning French from a book.

If the source of knowledge is practice or another activity, this may be conveyed through a subordinate clause, headed by genom:

• Jag lär mig franska genom att prata med en vän.

  I am learning French by talking to a friend.

• lära känna (“get to know”)
• läraktig
• lärbrev
• lärdom
• lärgirig
• lärgosse
• lärjunge
• lärpenningar
• lärpojke

• lärare
• lärarinna
• lärd
• lärling

lära (present lär)

1. to be said to

   Han lär ha berättat det för henne igår

   He is said to / is bound to have told her yesterday

   • 1944, Pär Lagerkvist, Dvärgen; translated as Alexandra Dick, transl., The Dwarf, 1945:

     Det börjar bli ont om mat i staden. Här vid hovet märker vi det naturligtvis inte, men folket lär svälta.

     The town is beginning to run short on food. Of course we do not notice it at the court, but they say the people are starving / but the people are bound to be starving (with the first interpretation more likely for older texts).

2. to be bound to (be very likely to)

   Eftersom han är fotbollsspelare lär han ha tränat väldigt hårt i sin ungdom

   Since he is a soccer player, he is bound to have trained very hard in his youth

   Är han norrman lär han prata norska

   If he is Norwegian, he is bound to speak Norwegian

   Hon lär aldrig våga klappa en krokodil igen efter att den där nästan åt upp henne

   She'll probably never ("is bound to never") dare pet another crocodile after that one almost ate her

   De lär göra den bästa pizzan i stan

   They're said to / are bound to (ambiguous) make the best pizza in town (with the first interpretation more likely without additional context)

3. to have to

   Nu lär du springa om du ska hinna dit före åtta

   Now you'll have to run if you're to get there before eight

• The modern sense is commonly "to be bound to" rather than "to be said to," sometimes leading to ambiguity.
• This lära is used only or almost only in the present tense (lär). To express was said to or certainly had to one would use another verb. Infinitive constructions like att lära ha berättat (“to be said to have told”) might be theoretically possible but is never or extremely seldom seen.

• lära in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• lär in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• lära in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• lär in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• lära in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• lär in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• Lära in Svenska Akademiens ordlista öfver svenska språket (6th ed., 1889)

• ärla