kiskoa
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *kiskoidak, probably from Proto-Finno-Permic *kiśka-. Cognate with Estonian kiskuma, Veps kiškoida, Northern Sami gaikut, Erzya ськирямс (śkiŕams) and Moksha *kəśkəŕams.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkiskoɑˣ/, [ˈk̟is̠ko̞ɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -iskoɑ
- Syllabification(key): kis‧ko‧a
Verb
kiskoa
Usage notes
- (pull, wrench; drag, lug): kiskoa represents an action that is not temporally confined, e.g. that it is continuous: compare kiskaista.
Conjugation
Inflection of kiskoa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kiskon | en kisko | 1st sing. | olen kiskonut | en ole kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kiskot | et kisko | 2nd sing. | olet kiskonut | et ole kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kiskoo | ei kisko | 3rd sing. | on kiskonut | ei ole kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kiskomme | emme kisko | 1st plur. | olemme kiskoneet | emme ole kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kiskotte | ette kisko | 2nd plur. | olette kiskoneet | ette ole kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kiskovat | eivät kisko | 3rd plur. | ovat kiskoneet | eivät ole kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kiskotaan | ei kiskota | passive | on kiskottu | ei ole kiskottu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kiskoin | en kiskonut | 1st sing. | olin kiskonut | en ollut kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kiskoit | et kiskonut | 2nd sing. | olit kiskonut | et ollut kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kiskoi | ei kiskonut | 3rd sing. | oli kiskonut | ei ollut kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kiskoimme | emme kiskoneet | 1st plur. | olimme kiskoneet | emme olleet kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kiskoitte | ette kiskoneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kiskoneet | ette olleet kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kiskoivat | eivät kiskoneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kiskoneet | eivät olleet kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kiskottiin | ei kiskottu | passive | oli kiskottu | ei ollut kiskottu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kiskoisin | en kiskoisi | 1st sing. | olisin kiskonut | en olisi kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kiskoisit | et kiskoisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kiskonut | et olisi kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kiskoisi | ei kiskoisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kiskonut | ei olisi kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kiskoisimme | emme kiskoisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kiskoneet | emme olisi kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kiskoisitte | ette kiskoisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kiskoneet | ette olisi kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kiskoisivat | eivät kiskoisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kiskoneet | eivät olisi kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kiskottaisiin | ei kiskottaisi | passive | olisi kiskottu | ei olisi kiskottu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kisko | älä kisko | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kiskokoon | älköön kiskoko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kiskonut | älköön olko kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kiskokaamme | älkäämme kiskoko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kiskokaa | älkää kiskoko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kiskokoot | älkööt kiskoko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kiskoneet | älkööt olko kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kiskottakoon | älköön kiskottako | passive | olkoon kiskottu | älköön olko kiskottu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kiskonen | en kiskone | 1st sing. | lienen kiskonut | en liene kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kiskonet | et kiskone | 2nd sing. | lienet kiskonut | et liene kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kiskonee | ei kiskone | 3rd sing. | lienee kiskonut | ei liene kiskonut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kiskonemme | emme kiskone | 1st plur. | lienemme kiskoneet | emme liene kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kiskonette | ette kiskone | 2nd plur. | lienette kiskoneet | ette liene kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kiskonevat | eivät kiskone | 3rd plur. | lienevät kiskoneet | eivät liene kiskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kiskottaneen | ei kiskottane | passive | lienee kiskottu | ei liene kiskottu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kiskoa | present | kiskova | kiskottava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | kiskonut | kiskottu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kiskoessa | kiskottaessa | agent3 | kiskoma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | kiskomaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kiskoen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kiskomassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kiskomasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kiskomaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kiskomalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kiskomatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kiskoman | kiskottaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | kiskominen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Related terms
Further reading
- “kiskoa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkiskoɑ/, [ˈk̟is̠ko̞ɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -iskoɑ
- Syllabification(key): kis‧ko‧a
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkiskoɑ/, [ˈkis̠ko̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkiskoɑ/, [ˈkiʃko̞ɑ]
- Rhymes: -iskoː, -iskoɑ
- Hyphenation: kis‧ko‧a
Conjugation
Conjugation of kiskoa (type 1/ampua, k- gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kison | en kiso | 1st singular | oon kiskont, oon kiskonut | en oo kiskont, en oo kiskonut |
2nd singular | kisot | et kiso | 2nd singular | oot kiskont, oot kiskonut | et oo kiskont, et oo kiskonut |
3rd singular | kiskoo | ei kiso | 3rd singular | ono kiskont, ono kiskonut | ei oo kiskont, ei oo kiskonut |
1st plural | kisomma | emmä kiso | 1st plural | oomma kiskoneet | emmä oo kiskoneet |
2nd plural | kisotta | että kiso | 2nd plural | ootta kiskoneet | että oo kiskoneet |
3rd plural | kiskoot1), kiskovat2), kisotaa | evät kiso, ei kisota | 3rd plural | ovat kiskoneet | evät oo kiskoneet, ei oo kisottu |
impersonal | kisotaa | ei kisota | impersonal | ono kisottu | ei oo kisottu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kisoin | en kiskont, en kiskonut | 1st singular | olin kiskont, olin kiskonut | en olt kiskont, en olt kiskonut |
2nd singular | kisoit | et kiskont, et kiskonut | 2nd singular | olit kiskont, olit kiskonut | et olt kiskont, et olt kiskonut |
3rd singular | kiskoi | ei kiskont, ei kiskonut | 3rd singular | oli kiskont, oli kiskonut | ei olt kiskont, ei olt kiskonut |
1st plural | kisoimma | emmä kiskoneet | 1st plural | olimma kiskoneet | emmä olleet kiskoneet |
2nd plural | kisoitta | että kiskoneet | 2nd plural | olitta kiskoneet | että olleet kiskoneet |
3rd plural | kiskoit1), kiskoivat2), kisottii | evät kiskoneet, ei kisottu | 3rd plural | olivat kiskoneet | evät olleet kiskoneet, ei olt kisottu |
impersonal | kisottii | ei kisottu | impersonal | oli kisottu | ei olt kisottu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kiskoisin | en kiskois | 1st singular | olisin kiskont, olisin kiskonut | en olis kiskont, en olis kiskonut |
2nd singular | kiskoisit, kiskoist1) | et kiskois | 2nd singular | olisit kiskont, olisit kiskonut | et olis kiskont, et olis kiskonut |
3rd singular | kiskois | ei kiskois | 3rd singular | olis kiskont, olis kiskonut | ei olis kiskont, ei olis kiskonut |
1st plural | kiskoisimma | emmä kiskois | 1st plural | olisimma kiskoneet | emmä olis kiskoneet |
2nd plural | kiskoisitta | että kiskois | 2nd plural | olisitta kiskoneet | että olis kiskoneet |
3rd plural | kiskoisiit1), kiskoisivat2), kisottais | evät kiskois, ei kisottais | 3rd plural | olisivat kiskoneet | evät olis kiskoneet, ei olis kisottu |
impersonal | kisottais | ei kisottais | impersonal | olis kisottu | ei olis kisottu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | kiso | elä kiso | 2nd singular | oo kiskont, oo kiskonut | elä oo kiskont, elä oo kiskonut |
3rd singular | kiskokoo | elköö kiskoko | 3rd singular | olkoo kiskont, olkoo kiskonut | elköö olko kiskont, elköö olko kiskonut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | kiskokaa | elkää kiskoko | 2nd plural | olkaa kiskoneet | elkää olko kiskoneet |
3rd plural | kiskokoot | elkööt kiskoko, elköö kisottako | 3rd plural | olkoot kiskoneet | elkööt olko kiskoneet, elköö olko kisottu |
impersonal | kisottakkoo | elköö kisottako | impersonal | olkoo kisottu | elköö olko kisottu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | kiskonen | en kiskone | |||
2nd singular | kiskonet | et kiskone | |||
3rd singular | kiskonoo | ei kiskone | |||
1st plural | kiskonemma | emmä kiskone | |||
2nd plural | kiskonetta | että kiskone | |||
3rd plural | kiskonoot | evät kiskone, ei kisottane | |||
impersonal | kisottannoo | ei kisottane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | kiskoa | present | kiskova | kisottava | |
2nd | inessive | kiskojees | past | kiskont, kiskonut | kisottu |
instructive | kiskoen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kiskokaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | kiskomaa | |||
inessive | kiskomaas | ||||
elative | kiskomast | ||||
abessive | kiskomata | ||||
4th | nominative | kiskomiin | |||
partitive | kiskomista, kiskomist |
Synonyms
- (to skin): nylkiä
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkiskoɑ/, [ˈkis̠ko̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkiskoɑ/, [ˈkiʃko̞ɑ]
- Rhymes: -iskoː, -iskoɑ
- Hyphenation: kis‧ko‧a
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 169
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