kavuta
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kabut'ak (compare Karelian kavuta and Veps kabuta).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑʋutɑˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝ʋut̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ɑʋutɑ
- Syllabification(key): ka‧vu‧ta
Verb
kavuta
Conjugation
Inflection of kavuta (Kotus type 74*E/katketa, p-v gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kapuan | en kapua | 1st sing. | olen kavunnut | en ole kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kapuat | et kapua | 2nd sing. | olet kavunnut | et ole kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kapuaa | ei kapua | 3rd sing. | on kavunnut | ei ole kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kapuamme | emme kapua | 1st plur. | olemme kavunneet | emme ole kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kapuatte | ette kapua | 2nd plur. | olette kavunneet | ette ole kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kapuavat | eivät kapua | 3rd plur. | ovat kavunneet | eivät ole kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kavutaan | ei kavuta | passive | on kavuttu | ei ole kavuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kapusin | en kavunnut | 1st sing. | olin kavunnut | en ollut kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kapusit | et kavunnut | 2nd sing. | olit kavunnut | et ollut kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kapusi | ei kavunnut | 3rd sing. | oli kavunnut | ei ollut kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kapusimme | emme kavunneet | 1st plur. | olimme kavunneet | emme olleet kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kapusitte | ette kavunneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kavunneet | ette olleet kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kapusivat | eivät kavunneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kavunneet | eivät olleet kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kavuttiin | ei kavuttu | passive | oli kavuttu | ei ollut kavuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kapuaisin kapuisin |
en kapuaisi en kapuisi |
1st sing. | olisin kavunnut | en olisi kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kapuaisit kapuisit |
et kapuaisi et kapuisi |
2nd sing. | olisit kavunnut | et olisi kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kapuaisi kapuisi |
ei kapuaisi ei kapuisi |
3rd sing. | olisi kavunnut | ei olisi kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kapuaisimme kapuisimme |
emme kapuaisi emme kapuisi |
1st plur. | olisimme kavunneet | emme olisi kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kapuaisitte kapuisitte |
ette kapuaisi ette kapuisi |
2nd plur. | olisitte kavunneet | ette olisi kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kapuaisivat kapuisivat |
eivät kapuaisi eivät kapuisi |
3rd plur. | olisivat kavunneet | eivät olisi kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kavuttaisiin | ei kavuttaisi | passive | olisi kavuttu | ei olisi kavuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kapua | älä kapua | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kavutkoon | älköön kavutko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kavunnut | älköön olko kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kavutkaamme | älkäämme kavutko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kavutkaa | älkää kavutko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kavutkoot | älkööt kavutko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kavunneet | älkööt olko kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kavuttakoon | älköön kavuttako | passive | olkoon kavuttu | älköön olko kavuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kavunnen | en kavunne | 1st sing. | lienen kavunnut | en liene kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kavunnet | et kavunne | 2nd sing. | lienet kavunnut | et liene kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kavunnee | ei kavunne | 3rd sing. | lienee kavunnut | ei liene kavunnut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kavunnemme | emme kavunne | 1st plur. | lienemme kavunneet | emme liene kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kavunnette | ette kavunne | 2nd plur. | lienette kavunneet | ette liene kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kavunnevat | eivät kavunne | 3rd plur. | lienevät kavunneet | eivät liene kavunneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kavuttaneen | ei kavuttane | passive | lienee kavuttu | ei liene kavuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kavuta | present | kapuava | kavuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | kavunnut | kavuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kavutessa | kavuttaessa | agent3 | kapuama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | kapuamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kavuten | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kapuamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kapuamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kapuamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kapuamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kapuamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kapuaman | kavuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | kapuaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
Further reading
- “kavuta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kabut'ak. Cognates include Finnish kavuta and Veps kabuta.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑʋutɑ/, [ˈkɑʋut]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑʋutɑ/, [ˈkɑʋud̥ɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑʋut, -ɑʋutɑ
- Hyphenation: ka‧vu‧ta
Conjugation
Conjugation of kavuta (type 16/maata, p-v gradation, gemination) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kappuun | en kappuu | 1st singular | oon kavunt, oon kavunnut | en oo kavunt, en oo kavunnut |
2nd singular | kappuut | et kappuu | 2nd singular | oot kavunt, oot kavunnut | et oo kavunt, et oo kavunnut |
3rd singular | kapujaa | ei kappuu | 3rd singular | ono kavunt, ono kavunnut | ei oo kavunt, ei oo kavunnut |
1st plural | kappuumma | emmä kappuu | 1st plural | oomma kavunneet | emmä oo kavunneet |
2nd plural | kappuutta | että kappuu | 2nd plural | ootta kavunneet | että oo kavunneet |
3rd plural | kapujaat1), kappuuvat2), kavutaa | evät kappuu, ei kavuta | 3rd plural | ovat kavunneet | evät oo kavunneet, ei oo kavuttu |
impersonal | kavutaa | ei kavuta | impersonal | ono kavuttu | ei oo kavuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kapuisin | en kavunt, en kavunnut | 1st singular | olin kavunt, olin kavunnut | en olt kavunt, en olt kavunnut |
2nd singular | kapuisit, kappuist1) | et kavunt, et kavunnut | 2nd singular | olit kavunt, olit kavunnut | et olt kavunt, et olt kavunnut |
3rd singular | kapuis | ei kavunt, ei kavunnut | 3rd singular | oli kavunt, oli kavunnut | ei olt kavunt, ei olt kavunnut |
1st plural | kapuisimma | emmä kavunneet | 1st plural | olimma kavunneet | emmä olleet kavunneet |
2nd plural | kapuisitta | että kavunneet | 2nd plural | olitta kavunneet | että olleet kavunneet |
3rd plural | kapuisiit1), kapuisivat2), kavuttii | evät kavunneet, ei kavuttu | 3rd plural | olivat kavunneet | evät olleet kavunneet, ei olt kavuttu |
impersonal | kavuttii | ei kavuttu | impersonal | oli kavuttu | ei olt kavuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kapujaisin | en kapujais | 1st singular | olisin kavunt, olisin kavunnut | en olis kavunt, en olis kavunnut |
2nd singular | kapujaisit, kapujaist1) | et kapujais | 2nd singular | olisit kavunt, olisit kavunnut | et olis kavunt, et olis kavunnut |
3rd singular | kapujais | ei kapujais | 3rd singular | olis kavunt, olis kavunnut | ei olis kavunt, ei olis kavunnut |
1st plural | kapujaisimma | emmä kapujais | 1st plural | olisimma kavunneet | emmä olis kavunneet |
2nd plural | kapujaisitta | että kapujais | 2nd plural | olisitta kavunneet | että olis kavunneet |
3rd plural | kapujaisiit1), kapujaisivat2), kavuttais | evät kapujais, ei kavuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat kavunneet | evät olis kavunneet, ei olis kavuttu |
impersonal | kavuttais | ei kavuttais | impersonal | olis kavuttu | ei olis kavuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | kappuu | elä kappuu | 2nd singular | oo kavunt, oo kavunnut | elä oo kavunt, elä oo kavunnut |
3rd singular | kavutkoo | elköö kavutko | 3rd singular | olkoo kavunt, olkoo kavunnut | elköö olko kavunt, elköö olko kavunnut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | kavutkaa | elkää kavutko | 2nd plural | olkaa kavunneet | elkää olko kavunneet |
3rd plural | kavutkoot | elkööt kavutko, elköö kavuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot kavunneet | elkööt olko kavunneet, elköö olko kavuttu |
impersonal | kavuttakkoo | elköö kavuttako | impersonal | olkoo kavuttu | elköö olko kavuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | kavunnen | en kavunne | |||
2nd singular | kavunnet | et kavunne | |||
3rd singular | kavunnoo | ei kavunne | |||
1st plural | kavunnemma | emmä kavunne | |||
2nd plural | kavunnetta | että kavunne | |||
3rd plural | kavunnoot | evät kavunne, ei kavuttane | |||
impersonal | kavuttannoo | ei kavuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | kavuta | present | kappuuva | kavuttava | |
2nd | inessive | kavutees | past | kavunt, kavunnut | kavuttu |
instructive | kavuten | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kavutkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | kappuumaa | |||
inessive | kappuumaas | ||||
elative | kappuumast | ||||
abessive | kappuumata | ||||
4th | nominative | kappuumiin | |||
partitive | kappuumista, kappuumist |
Synonyms
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 147
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