infirmus

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From in- (“not”) +‎ firmus (“strong, firm”), from Proto-Italic *en- from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”) + Proto-Italic *fermos from root Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

īnfirmus (feminine īnfirma, neuter īnfirmum, comparative īnfirmior, superlative īnfirmissimus, adverb īnfirmiter); first/second-declension adjective

  1. weak, feeble
    Synonyms: dēbilis, impotēns, invalidus, aeger, fessus, mollis, tenuis, frāctus, languidus, valētūdinārius
    Antonyms: constans, dūrus, firmus, fortis, potēns, valens, validus
  2. unhealthy, infirm, indisposed, sick
    Synonyms: īnsānus, insalūbris, fessus, aeger, languidus, miser, valētūdinārius
    Antonyms: salvus, sānus, salūber, salūtāris, valēns, validus
  3. inconclusive

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative īnfirmus īnfirma īnfirmum īnfirmī īnfirmae īnfirma
Genitive īnfirmī īnfirmae īnfirmī īnfirmōrum īnfirmārum īnfirmōrum
Dative īnfirmō īnfirmō īnfirmīs
Accusative īnfirmum īnfirmam īnfirmum īnfirmōs īnfirmās īnfirma
Ablative īnfirmō īnfirmā īnfirmō īnfirmīs
Vocative īnfirme īnfirma īnfirmum īnfirmī īnfirmae īnfirma

Descendants
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: infermo
    • Sicilian: infirmu
  • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Bourguignon: éfierme
    • Franc-Comtois: infierme
    • Old Franco-Provençal: enferm
    • Old French: enferm, enferme
  • Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Ibero-Romance:
  • Borrowings:

References
  • “infirmus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “infirmus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • infirmus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 814.
  • infirmus in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 243
  • Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “ĭnfĭrmus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 670
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