hirtus

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *herztos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰérstos, from *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”), same root as horreo and hordeum.

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈhiːr.tus/, [ˈhiːrt̪ʊs̠] or IPA(key): /ˈhir.tus/, [ˈhɪrt̪ʊs̠]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈir.tus/, [ˈirt̪us]
  • Bennett gives a long vowel /iː/ based on the vowel quality of the Romance descendants,[1] but De Vaan omits a macron and gives an etymology that is inconsistent with a long vowel.[2]

Adjective

hī̆rtus (feminine hī̆rta, neuter hī̆rtum); first/second-declension adjective

  1. hairy, shaggy
  2. rough, rude, unpolished

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hī̆rtus hī̆rta hī̆rtum hī̆rtī hī̆rtae hī̆rta
Genitive hī̆rtī hī̆rtae hī̆rtī hī̆rtōrum hī̆rtārum hī̆rtōrum
Dative hī̆rtō hī̆rtō hī̆rtīs
Accusative hī̆rtum hī̆rtam hī̆rtum hī̆rtōs hī̆rtās hī̆rta
Ablative hī̆rtō hī̆rtā hī̆rtō hī̆rtīs
Vocative hī̆rte hī̆rta hī̆rtum hī̆rtī hī̆rtae hī̆rta

Derived terms

Descendants
  • >? Galician: irto
  • >? Portuguese: hirto
  • → Italian: irto

References
  1. Charles E. Bennett (1907) “Hidden Quantity”, in The Latin Language – a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 59
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “hirtus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 286

Further reading
  • “hirtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “hirtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • hirtus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • hirtus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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