horreo

See also: hórreo

Latin
FWOTD – 9 July 2013

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *horzēō, from earlier *xorzējō (to differentiate it from a later form *horzēō if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥s-éh₁-(ye)-ti, from *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”).

Cognate with hīrtus, eris (“hedgehog”), Welsh garw (“rough”), Sanskrit हृष्यति (hṛṣyati, “become erect or stiff or rigid; be glad”), हर्षयति (harṣayati, “to excite”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zarəšiiamna, “excited”).

Pronunciation

Verb

horreō (present infinitive horrēre, perfect active horruī); second conjugation, no supine stem, limited passive

  1. to stand erect, stand on end
  2. to tremble, shiver
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.19–20:
      horrueram tacitōque animum pallōre fatēbar;
      tum dea, quōs fēcit, sustulit ipsa metūs
      I had trembled, and by my speechless pallor was betraying my emotion; then the goddess – she who caused it [to happen] – removed [my] fears herself.
      (The poet, writing about the month of June, first encounters Juno (mythology).)
  3. to dread, be afraid of
  4. to be frightful

Conjugation
   Conjugation of horreō (second conjugation, no supine stem, only third-person forms in passive)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present horreō horrēs horret horrēmus horrētis horrent
imperfect horrēbam horrēbās horrēbat horrēbāmus horrēbātis horrēbant
future horrēbō horrēbis horrēbit horrēbimus horrēbitis horrēbunt
perfect horruī horruistī horruit horruimus horruistis horruērunt,
horruēre
pluperfect horrueram horruerās horruerat horruerāmus horruerātis horruerant
future perfect horruerō horrueris horruerit horruerimus horrueritis horruerint
passive present — — horrētur — — horrentur
imperfect — — horrēbātur — — horrēbantur
future — — horrēbitur — — horrēbuntur
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present horream horreās horreat horreāmus horreātis horreant
imperfect horrērem horrērēs horrēret horrērēmus horrērētis horrērent
perfect horruerim horruerīs horruerit horruerīmus horruerītis horruerint
pluperfect horruissem horruissēs horruisset horruissēmus horruissētis horruissent
passive present — — horreātur — — horreantur
imperfect — — horrērētur — — horrērentur
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — horrē — — horrēte —
future — horrētō horrētō — horrētōte horrentō
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives horrēre horruisse — horrērī — —
participles horrēns — — — — horrendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
horrendī horrendō horrendum horrendō — —

Derived terms
Derived terms

Descendants
  • Aromanian: urãscu, urãri
  • Romanian: urî
  • → Albanian: urrej

Adjective

horreō

  1. dative/ablative singular of horreum

References
  • “horreo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “horreo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • horreo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • his hair stands on end: capilli horrent
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290
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