hieroa

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hëërodak.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈhie̯roɑˣ/, [ˈhie̞̯ro̞ɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ieroɑ
  • Syllabification(key): hie‧ro‧a

Verb

hieroa (transitive, usually atelic)

  1. to rub
    hieroa silmiään ― to rub one's eyes
    hieroa nenäänsä ― to rub one's nose
  2. to massage
  3. (chiefly informal) to do intensely
    hieroa kauppaa ― to bargain
    hieroa lätkää (colloquial) ― to play hockey intensely
  4. (obsolete) to chafe [17th–18th c.]
    Synonyms: hangata, hiertää, kalvaa
  5. (obsolete or dialectal) to smear, tarnish [16th–18th c.]
    Synonyms: liata, tahrata

Conjugation
Inflection of hieroa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hieron en hiero 1st sing. olen hieronut en ole hieronut
2nd sing. hierot et hiero 2nd sing. olet hieronut et ole hieronut
3rd sing. hieroo ei hiero 3rd sing. on hieronut ei ole hieronut
1st plur. hieromme emme hiero 1st plur. olemme hieroneet emme ole hieroneet
2nd plur. hierotte ette hiero 2nd plur. olette hieroneet ette ole hieroneet
3rd plur. hierovat eivät hiero 3rd plur. ovat hieroneet eivät ole hieroneet
passive hierotaan ei hierota passive on hierottu ei ole hierottu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hieroin en hieronut 1st sing. olin hieronut en ollut hieronut
2nd sing. hieroit et hieronut 2nd sing. olit hieronut et ollut hieronut
3rd sing. hieroi ei hieronut 3rd sing. oli hieronut ei ollut hieronut
1st plur. hieroimme emme hieroneet 1st plur. olimme hieroneet emme olleet hieroneet
2nd plur. hieroitte ette hieroneet 2nd plur. olitte hieroneet ette olleet hieroneet
3rd plur. hieroivat eivät hieroneet 3rd plur. olivat hieroneet eivät olleet hieroneet
passive hierottiin ei hierottu passive oli hierottu ei ollut hierottu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hieroisin en hieroisi 1st sing. olisin hieronut en olisi hieronut
2nd sing. hieroisit et hieroisi 2nd sing. olisit hieronut et olisi hieronut
3rd sing. hieroisi ei hieroisi 3rd sing. olisi hieronut ei olisi hieronut
1st plur. hieroisimme emme hieroisi 1st plur. olisimme hieroneet emme olisi hieroneet
2nd plur. hieroisitte ette hieroisi 2nd plur. olisitte hieroneet ette olisi hieroneet
3rd plur. hieroisivat eivät hieroisi 3rd plur. olisivat hieroneet eivät olisi hieroneet
passive hierottaisiin ei hierottaisi passive olisi hierottu ei olisi hierottu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. hiero älä hiero 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. hierokoon älköön hieroko 3rd sing. olkoon hieronut älköön olko hieronut
1st plur. hierokaamme älkäämme hieroko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. hierokaa älkää hieroko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. hierokoot älkööt hieroko 3rd plur. olkoot hieroneet älkööt olko hieroneet
passive hierottakoon älköön hierottako passive olkoon hierottu älköön olko hierottu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hieronen en hierone 1st sing. lienen hieronut en liene hieronut
2nd sing. hieronet et hierone 2nd sing. lienet hieronut et liene hieronut
3rd sing. hieronee ei hierone 3rd sing. lienee hieronut ei liene hieronut
1st plur. hieronemme emme hierone 1st plur. lienemme hieroneet emme liene hieroneet
2nd plur. hieronette ette hierone 2nd plur. lienette hieroneet ette liene hieroneet
3rd plur. hieronevat eivät hierone 3rd plur. lienevät hieroneet eivät liene hieroneet
passive hierottaneen ei hierottane passive lienee hierottu ei liene hierottu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st hieroa present hierova hierottava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st hieroakseni hieroaksemme
2nd hieroaksesi hieroaksenne
3rd hieroakseen
hieroaksensa
 past hieronut hierottu
2nd inessive2 hieroessa hierottaessa agent3 hieroma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st hieroessani hieroessamme
2nd hieroessasi hieroessanne
3rd hieroessaan
hieroessansa
 negative hieromaton
instructive hieroen — 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

3rd inessive hieromassa —
elative hieromasta —
illative hieromaan —
adessive hieromalla —
abessive hieromatta —
instructive hieroman hierottaman
4th4 verbal noun hierominen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st hieromaisillani hieromaisillamme
2nd hieromaisillasi hieromaisillanne
3rd hieromaisillaan
hieromaisillansa

Derived terms
nouns
verbs

References
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  • “hieroa”, in Vanhan kirjasuomen sanakirja [Dictionary of Old Literary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, incomplete, continuously updated), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2021, →ISSN.

Further reading
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