hibernum

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Ellipsis of hībernum tempus (winter-time).[1] Came to replace hiems (winter) in the development from Latin to Romance.

Alternative forms

Noun

hībernum n (genitive hībernī); second declension

  1. winter
    Synonym: hiems
  2. (in the plural) winter quarters
Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative hībernum hīberna
Genitive hībernī hībernōrum
Dative hībernō hībernīs
Accusative hībernum hīberna
Ablative hībernō hībernīs
Vocative hībernum hīberna
Descendants
  • Balkan Romance:
    • Aromanian: earnã
    • Romanian: iarnă
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Neapolitan: vierno
    • Sicilian: vernu, viernu
  • North Italian:
    • Old Ligurian: iverno, uverno
    • Romansch: /iˈviə̯rn/
  • Gallo-Romance:
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Aragonese: ibierno
    • Old Leonese: [Term?]
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: iverno
      • Galician: iverno
    • Old Spanish: yvierno
  • Insular Romance:
    • Sardinian:

Reflexes of an assumed variant *hīnbernum:

References

  1. Adams, James Noel. 1976. The text and language of a Vulgar Latin chronicle (Anonymous Valesianus II). London: Institute of Classical Studies. Page 83.
  2. “invern” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Further reading

  • hibernum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
    • (ambiguous) winter-quarters, summer-quarters: castra hiberna, aestiva
    • (ambiguous) to take the troops to their winter-quarters: milites in hibernis collocare, in hiberna deducere

Adjective

hībernum

  1. inflection of hībernus:
    1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
    2. accusative masculine singular
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