hiems
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *hiom-, from earlier *xiom- (to differentiate it from a later form *hiom- if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.
Cognate with Ancient Greek χιών (khiṓn, “snow”), χεῖμα (kheîma, “snow”), χειμών (kheimṓn, “snow”), Persian زمستان (zemestân), Albanian dimër, Welsh gaeaf, Sanskrit हिम (himá), Hittite 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (gi-ma-an /giman/), Armenian ձմեռ (jmeṙ), and Proto-Slavic *zima.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈhi.emps/, [ˈhiɛmps̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈi.ems/, [ˈiːems]
- Note the epenthesis of the homorganic stop [p] required to maintain the place of articulation of the stem-final /m/, as also in sūmpsī, temptō etc.
Declension
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | hiems | hiemēs |
Genitive | hiemis | hiemum |
Dative | hiemī | hiemibus |
Accusative | hiemem | hiemēs |
Ablative | hieme | hiemibus |
Vocative | hiems | hiemēs |
Synonyms
Further reading
- “hiems”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “hiems”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- hiems in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- hiems in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
- winter is at hand: hiems subest
- in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
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