gwern

Breton

Etymology

From Middle Breton guern, from Old Breton guern, guaern, from Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Gaulish uerna, Old Irish fern and French vergne).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡwɛrn/

Noun

gwern ? (plural gwernioù, singulative gwernenn)

  1. alders

Noun

gwern f (plural gwernioù)

  1. mast
  2. swamp

Cornish

Etymology

From Old Cornish guern, from Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Gaulish uerna, Old Irish fern and French vergne).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡwɛrn/

Noun

gwern m (singulative gwernen, plural gwernennow or gwernednow)

  1. (collective) alder
    1. swamp, marsh, marshland
  2. (in the singular) mast

Mutation

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Old Irish fern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran) and Albanian verr (alder).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡwɛrn/

Noun

gwern f pl (singulative gwernen, plural gwerni or gwernydd or gwernau or gwernenni or gwernennau)

  1. alder(s) (the wood of which resists decay in water); made of alder
    1. mast of a ship
    2. (alder) stick, stave, shaft of a lance
  2. alder carr, alder grove, alder marsh, swamp, quagmire; damp meadow
    1. (sometimes figuratively) hell

Derived terms

  • boda gwerni (marsh harrier)
  • boled gwern (alder bolete)
  • bras gwerni (swamp sparrow)
  • cap gwernydd (alder cap)
  • cap llaeth gwernydd (alder milkcap)
  • cwpan gwern (alder goblet)
  • gwernen werdd (green alder)
  • gwernllwyn (alder grove)
  • gwernog (abounding in alders, adjective)
  • gwybedog y gwern (alder flycatcher)
  • telor y gwerni (marsh warbler)
  • titw'r wern (marsh tit)
  • ysgwydd y gwern (alder bracket)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gwern wern ngwern unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwern”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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