gníid
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *gniyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡʲnʲiː.iðʲ]
Verb
gníid (conjunct ·gní, verbal noun gním)
- to do
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 3c30
- na·gníu-sa iárnairgairiu
- I do it after it is forbidden.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 143a6
- Is hinonn persan gnís ⁊ fo·daim.
- It is the same person who acts and suffers.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 3c30
- to make
- c. 750-800 Tairired na nDessi from Rawlinson B 502, published in "The Expulsion of the Dessi", Y Cymmrodor (1901, Society of Cymmrodorion), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, vol. 14, pp. 104-135, paragraph 3
- Is desin ro·gníd Ocheill for Temraig sechtair […]
- Hence Achaill was built by the side of Tara...
- c. 750-800 Tairired na nDessi from Rawlinson B 502, published in "The Expulsion of the Dessi", Y Cymmrodor (1901, Society of Cymmrodorion), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, vol. 14, pp. 104-135, paragraph 3
- to work
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b10
- In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.
- When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b10
Conjugation
Simple, class A III present, reduplicated s preterite, é future, e subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | gníid | gnítir | ||||||
| Conj. | ·gníu | ·gní | ·gníid | ·gníther | |||||
| Rel. | gnís | gníte | gníter | ||||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·gníad | ||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | génais | |||||||
| Conj. | ·géni | ·génset | ·gníth | ·gnítha | |||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·géni | ro·génset | ro·gníth; ro·gníd | ro·gnítha | ||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | génas | génde | |||||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | gnete | ||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·gnemmis | ·gnetis | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | gním | ||||||||
| Past participle | gnethae | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| gníid | gníid pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
ngníid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gníid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 540
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