gnáth

See also: gnàth and gnáth-

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish gnáth (customary, usual), from Proto-Celtic *gnātos (known, usual), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (to know).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

gnáth m (genitive singular gnáith, nominative plural gnátha or gnáith)

  1. custom, usage
  2. customary thing
  3. frequentation
  4. haunt, resort
  5. (literary, in the plural) intimates, associates
Declension
Alternative declension
Derived terms

Adjective

gnáth (genitive singular masculine gnáth, genitive singular feminine gnáithe, plural gnátha)

  1. Alternative form of gnách
Declension

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
gnáth ghnáth ngnáth
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *gnātos (known, usual), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós, past participle of *ǵneh₃- (to know).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡnaːθ/

Adjective

gnáth (comparative gnáthiu, superlative gnáithem)

  1. customary
  2. usual
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 31b11
      Is gnád radat gói.
      It is usual for them to tell lies.
    • Sechtae, published in Ancient Laws of Ireland: Uraicecht Becc and Certain Other Selected Brehon Law Tracts (1901, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited and with translations by W. Neilson Hancock, Thaddeus O'Mahony, Alexander George Richey, and Robert Atkinson, vol. 5, pp. 117-373, page 238
      A[t]·táit secht ngella la Feine [...] timthach fir is gnáth a ndail,
      There are seven pledges with the Feine [...] [including] the clothes of a man who is frequent at assemblies,

Inflection

o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative gnáth gnáth gnáth
Vocative gnáith*
gnáth**
Accusative gnáth gnáith
Genitive gnáith gnáithe gnáith
Dative gnáth gnáith gnáth
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative gnáith gnátha
Vocative gnáthu
gnátha
Accusative gnáthu
gnátha
Genitive gnáth
Dative gnáthaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

  • gnáthach
  • gnáthaid
  • gnáthaigid
  • gnátham
  • gnáthe
  • gnáthmar
  • ingnad

Descendants

  • Irish: gnáth
  • Scottish Gaelic: gnàth

Noun

gnáth m (nominative plural gnáith)

  1. (in the plural) intimates, familiar friends

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative gnáithL
Vocative gnáthuH
Accusative gnáthuH
Genitive gnáthN
Dative gnáthaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
gnáth gnáth
pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/
ngnáth
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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