gjalda

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse gjalda, from Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Cognates include English yield, German gelten, Dutch gelden, Swedish gälla, Norwegian gjelde, Icelandic gjalda and Danish gælde.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃalta]

Verb

gjalda (third person singular past indicative galt, third person plural past indicative guldu, supine goldið)

  1. to pay

Usage notes

Not to be mixed with galda or gelda which are partially homophonic with this verb.

Conjugation
Conjugation of gjalda (irregular)
infinitive gjalda
supine goldið
participle (a26)1 gjaldandi goldin
present past
first singular gjaldi galt
second singular geldur galt
third singular geldur galt
plural gjalda guldu
imperative
singular gjald!
plural gjaldið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse gjalda, from Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Cognates include English yield, German gelten, Dutch gelden, Swedish gälla, Norwegian gjelde, Faroese gjalda and Danish gælde.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈcalta/
    Rhymes: -alta

Verb

gjalda (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative galt, third-person plural past indicative guldu, supine goldið)

  1. to pay

Conjugation
gjalda — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur)		 að gjalda
supine
(sagnbót)		 goldið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		 gjaldandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur)		 subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð)		 ég geld við gjöldum present
(nútíð)		 ég gjaldi við gjöldum
þú geldur þið gjaldið þú gjaldir þið gjaldið
hann, hún, það geldur þeir, þær, þau gjalda hann, hún, það gjaldi þeir, þær, þau gjaldi
past
(þátíð)		 ég galt við guldum past
(þátíð)		 ég gyldi við gyldum
þú galst þið gulduð þú gyldir þið gylduð
hann, hún, það galt þeir, þær, þau guldu hann, hún, það gyldi þeir, þær, þau gyldu
imperative
(boðháttur)		 gjald (þú) gjaldið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
gjaltu gjaldiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
gjaldast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur)		 að gjaldast
supine
(sagnbót)		 goldist
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		 gjaldandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur)		 subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð)		 ég gelst við gjöldumst present
(nútíð)		 ég gjaldist við gjöldumst
þú gelst þið gjaldist þú gjaldist þið gjaldist
hann, hún, það gelst þeir, þær, þau gjaldast hann, hún, það gjaldist þeir, þær, þau gjaldist
past
(þátíð)		 ég galst við guldumst past
(þátíð)		 ég gyldist við gyldumst
þú galst þið guldust þú gyldist þið gyldust
hann, hún, það galst þeir, þær, þau guldust hann, hún, það gyldist þeir, þær, þau gyldust
imperative
(boðháttur)		 gjalst (þú) gjaldist (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
gjalstu gjaldisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
goldinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging)		 singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)		 masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)		 goldinn goldin goldið goldnir goldnar goldin
accusative
(þolfall)		 goldinn goldna goldið goldna goldnar goldin
dative
(þágufall)		 goldnum goldinni goldnu goldnum goldnum goldnum
genitive
(eignarfall)		 goldins goldinnar goldins goldinna goldinna goldinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)		 masculine
(karlkyn)		 feminine
(kvenkyn)		 neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall)		 goldni goldna goldna goldnu goldnu goldnu
accusative
(þolfall)		 goldna goldnu goldna goldnu goldnu goldnu
dative
(þágufall)		 goldna goldnu goldna goldnu goldnu goldnu
genitive
(eignarfall)		 goldna goldnu goldna goldnu goldnu goldnu

Derived terms

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *geldaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”).

Verb

gjalda (singular past indicative galt, plural past indicative guldu, past participle goldinn)

  1. (ditransitive) to repay, return
    gjalda gjǫf við gjǫf ― to pay back gift for gift
  2. (figurative) to give
  3. (with genitive) to pay for, suffer on account

Conjugation
Conjugation of gjalda — active (strong class 3)
infinitive gjalda
present participle gjaldandi
past participle goldinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular geld galt
2nd-person singular geldr galzt
3rd-person singular geldr galt
1st-person plural gjǫldum guldum
2nd-person plural gjaldið gulduð
3rd-person plural gjalda guldu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular gjalda gilda
2nd-person singular gjaldir gildir
3rd-person singular gjaldi gildi
1st-person plural gjaldim gildim
2nd-person plural gjaldið gildið
3rd-person plural gjaldi gildi
imperative present
2nd-person singular gjald
1st-person plural gjǫldum
2nd-person plural gjaldið
Conjugation of gjalda — mediopassive (strong class 3)
infinitive gjaldask
present participle gjaldandisk
past participle goldizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular gjǫldumk guldumk
2nd-person singular gelzk galzk
3rd-person singular gelzk galzk
1st-person plural gjǫldumsk guldumsk
2nd-person plural gjaldizk gulduzk
3rd-person plural gjaldask guldusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular gjǫldumk gildumk
2nd-person singular gjaldisk gildisk
3rd-person singular gjaldisk gildisk
1st-person plural gjaldimsk gildimsk
2nd-person plural gjaldizk gildizk
3rd-person plural gjaldisk gildisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular gjalzk
1st-person plural gjǫldumsk
2nd-person plural gjaldizk

Descendants
  • Icelandic: gjalda
  • Faroese: gjalda
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gjelda; (dialectal) galda, gjedla, gjelja
  • Norwegian Bokmål: gjelde
  • Old Swedish: giælda, gialda, giælla, gælla
  • Old Danish: gialdæ

References
  • “gjalda”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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