dzīvs

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀwás,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *gʷiwós, *gʷih₃wós (“living, alive”), from *gʷey-, *gʷī- (“alive; to live”) (whence also dzīt (“to heal”); q.v.) with a suffix -wo. Cognates include Lithuanian gývas, Old Prussian gijwans, geiwans (“alive (acc. pl.)”), Sudovian giwatti (“to live”) (< *gīvati), Proto-Slavic *živъ (Old Church Slavonic живъ (živŭ), Russian жив (živ)), Proto-Germanic *kwikwaz (either with a different suffix -k(w)o- or with h₃w > kw strengthening; Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍃 (qius), English quick, Swedish kvick (“fast”), German keck (“sassy, cheeky”)), Sanskrit जीव (jīva), Latin vīvus (< *gʷīwos), Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”), Proto-Celtic *biwos (Irish beo (“alive”), bia (“food”), Welsh byw).[2]

• IPA^(key): [dzîːws]

dzīvs (definite dzīvais, comparative dzīvāks, superlative visdzīvākais, adverb dzīvi)

1. (of people, animals) living, alive (that which lives)

   dzīva būtne ― living being

   dzīvs organisms ― living organism

   dzīvā daba ― living nature (= the animal and vegetal kingdoms)

   māte viņam ir dzīva ― his mother is alive

   pirmajā brīdī, kad uzzināju, ka Arturs dzīvs, man uzplūda tik daudz atmiņu ― at the very moment when I heard that Arturs (was) alive, so many memories surged back to me

2. (of plants, their parts) living, alive

   dzīvi ziedi ― living flowers (i.e., natural, not artificial)

   kamēr augs ir dzīvs, saknes un stumbrs aug arvien lielāki un palielinās lapu skaits ― as long as the plant is alive, the roots and the trunk grow larger and larger and the number of leaves increases

3. (of body parts, their components) living, alive (not dead, still working)

   dzīva šūna ― living cell

   dzīvi audi ― living tissues

   dzīvs zobs ― living tooth

4. (definite forms) the living (those who are alive)

   dzīvie un mirušie ― the living and the dead

   atrasties starp dvīvajiem ― to be among the living

5. lively, active, jolly (which quickly reacts to external stimuli; expressing such capacity of reaction)

   dzīvas acis ― lively eyes

   dzīva sejas izteiksme ― lively facial expression

   siltumā un pie kārtīga ēdiena zēns kļuva dzīvāks un jautrāks ― with warmth and good food the boy became livelier and more cheerful

   Skārbis bija maza, sīka auguma, ļoti dzīvs un runātnīgs ― Skārbis was of small, petite size, very lively and talkative

   Pēteris kļuva runīgāks, gāja dzīvāku soli ― Pēteris became more talkative (and) walked (with) livelier step(s)

6. (of motion, traffic) bustling, intense, active, busy

   dzīva satiskme ― intense, heavy traffic

   dzīva šoseja ― full, busy highway

   dzīva kustība uz ielām ― intense movement on the streets

   tuvāk pilsētai ceļš kļuva dzīvāks; brauca tirdzinieki ar siena vezumiem un āboliem ― closer to the city the road became busier; merchants rode with their carts full of hay and apples

7. (of actions, events) lively, intense

   dzīvas sarunas ― lively conversation

   dzīva izrāde ― lively show

   dzīva diskusija notika Arodbiedrību nama Kolonnu zālē ― a lively discussion took place in the Column hall of the House of Trade Unions

   ap vilcienu bija dzīva kņada: atbraucēji gandrīz visi bija kareivji ― around the train (there) was intense uproar: almost all arrivals were soldiers

8. (of mental activities) lively, intense, strong, powerful

   dzīva iztēle, fantāzija ― lively imagination, fantasy

   dzīva interese ― lively, strong interest

9. (of works of art, etc.) lively, expressive, intensive

   dzīva glezna ― alive, expressive painting

   ilustrācijas kopā ar paskaidrojošo tekstu grāmatā ir ļoti dzīvas ― the illustrations together with the explanatory text in the book are very alive, expressive

10. (of imagined entities) living, lively (very similar to reality; very impressive)

    dzīvas atmiņas ― lively, intense, impressive memories

    šis bija viens no tiem briesmīgajiem sapņiem, kuri tik dzīvi un skaidri kā pati dzīve ― this was one of those terrible dreams which are as alive and clear as life itself

11. intact, untouched, safe; (of money) unspent; (of memories) well maintained

    nez vai jel mājas vairs būs dzīvas ― who knows if the houses will still be alive (= intact, unharmed)

    pērnēja gada alga man vēl tāpat dzīva ― my last year's salary is still as it were alive (= unspent)

    gadi ir aizgājuši, bet senā sajūta vēl vienmēr dzīva ― years have passed, but the old feeling is still always alive

12. (colloquial) such that there is a lot of it, without impurities, admixtures

    ēst dzīvus taukus ― to eat living (= pure) fat

    ēst dzīvu sāli ― to eat living salt (i.e., to eat food with a lot of salt)

    dzīva nauda, balta nauda ― living money, white money (both meaning “a lot of money”)

• (of "active", "lively", "cheerful"): dzīvespriecīgs, mundrs, možs, spirgts, žirgts

• nedzīvs
• miris