dinga
Iban
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋəʀ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /diŋa/
- Rhymes: -iŋa
- Hyphenation: di‧nga
Northern Ndebele
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Wolof
Usage notes
This pronoun conveys both person and aspect.
Zulu
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukudinga | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukudinga | ukungadingi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | dinga | -dinge | |||||||
Plural | dingani | -dingeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyadinga, ngidinga | engidingayo, engidinga | ngidinga | angidingi | engingadingi | ngingadingi | |||
2nd singular | uyadinga, udinga | odingayo, odinga | udinga | awudingi | ongadingi | ungadingi | |||
1st plural | siyadinga, sidinga | esidingayo, esidinga | sidinga | asidingi | esingadingi | singadingi | |||
2nd plural | niyadinga, nidinga | enidingayo, enidinga | nidinga | anidingi | eningadingi | ningadingi | |||
Class 1 | uyadinga, udinga | odingayo, odinga | edinga | akadingi | ongadingi | engadingi | |||
Class 2 | bayadinga, badinga | abadingayo, abadinga | bedinga | abadingi | abangadingi | bengadingi | |||
Class 3 | uyadinga, udinga | odingayo, odinga | udinga | awudingi | ongadingi | ungadingi | |||
Class 4 | iyadinga, idinga | edingayo, edinga | idinga | ayidingi | engadingi | ingadingi | |||
Class 5 | liyadinga, lidinga | elidingayo, elidinga | lidinga | alidingi | elingadingi | lingadingi | |||
Class 6 | ayadinga, adinga | adingayo, adinga | edinga | awadingi | angadingi | engadingi | |||
Class 7 | siyadinga, sidinga | esidingayo, esidinga | sidinga | asidingi | esingadingi | singadingi | |||
Class 8 | ziyadinga, zidinga | ezidingayo, ezidinga | zidinga | azidingi | ezingadingi | zingadingi | |||
Class 9 | iyadinga, idinga | edingayo, edinga | idinga | ayidingi | engadingi | ingadingi | |||
Class 10 | ziyadinga, zidinga | ezidingayo, ezidinga | zidinga | azidingi | ezingadingi | zingadingi | |||
Class 11 | luyadinga, ludinga | oludingayo, oludinga | ludinga | aludingi | olungadingi | lungadingi | |||
Class 14 | buyadinga, budinga | obudingayo, obudinga | budinga | abudingi | obungadingi | bungadingi | |||
Class 15 | kuyadinga, kudinga | okudingayo, okudinga | kudinga | akudingi | okungadingi | kungadingi | |||
Class 17 | kuyadinga, kudinga | okudingayo, okudinga | kudinga | akudingi | okungadingi | kungadingi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngidingile, ngidingē | engidingile, engidingē | ngidingile, ngidingē | angidinganga | engingadinganga | ngingadinganga | |||
2nd singular | udingile, udingē | odingile, odingē | udingile, udingē | awudinganga | ongadinganga | ungadinganga | |||
1st plural | sidingile, sidingē | esidingile, esidingē | sidingile, sidingē | asidinganga | esingadinganga | singadinganga | |||
2nd plural | nidingile, nidingē | enidingile, enidingē | nidingile, nidingē | anidinganga | eningadinganga | ningadinganga | |||
Class 1 | udingile, udingē | odingile, odingē | edingile, edingē | akadinganga | ongadinganga | engadinganga | |||
Class 2 | badingile, badingē | abadingile, abadingē | bedingile, bedingē | abadinganga | abangadinganga | bengadinganga | |||
Class 3 | udingile, udingē | odingile, odingē | udingile, udingē | awudinganga | ongadinganga | ungadinganga | |||
Class 4 | idingile, idingē | edingile, edingē | idingile, idingē | ayidinganga | engadinganga | ingadinganga | |||
Class 5 | lidingile, lidingē | elidingile, elidingē | lidingile, lidingē | alidinganga | elingadinganga | lingadinganga | |||
Class 6 | adingile, adingē | adingile, adingē | edingile, edingē | awadinganga | angadinganga | engadinganga | |||
Class 7 | sidingile, sidingē | esidingile, esidingē | sidingile, sidingē | asidinganga | esingadinganga | singadinganga | |||
Class 8 | zidingile, zidingē | ezidingile, ezidingē | zidingile, zidingē | azidinganga | ezingadinganga | zingadinganga | |||
Class 9 | idingile, idingē | edingile, edingē | idingile, idingē | ayidinganga | engadinganga | ingadinganga | |||
Class 10 | zidingile, zidingē | ezidingile, ezidingē | zidingile, zidingē | azidinganga | ezingadinganga | zingadinganga | |||
Class 11 | ludingile, ludingē | oludingile, oludingē | ludingile, ludingē | aludinganga | olungadinganga | lungadinganga | |||
Class 14 | budingile, budingē | obudingile, obudingē | budingile, budingē | abudinganga | obungadinganga | bungadinganga | |||
Class 15 | kudingile, kudingē | okudingile, okudingē | kudingile, kudingē | akudinganga | okungadinganga | kungadinganga | |||
Class 17 | kudingile, kudingē | okudingile, okudingē | kudingile, kudingē | akudinganga | okungadinganga | kungadinganga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngādinga | engādinga | ngādinga | angidinganga | engingadinganga | ngingadinganga | |||
2nd singular | wādinga | owādinga | wādinga | awudinganga | ongadinganga | ungadinganga | |||
1st plural | sādinga | esādinga | sādinga | asidinganga | esingadinganga | singadinganga | |||
2nd plural | nādinga | enādinga | nādinga | anidinganga | eningadinganga | ningadinganga | |||
Class 1 | wādinga | owādinga | ādinga | akadinganga | ongadinganga | engadinganga | |||
Class 2 | bādinga | abādinga | bādinga | abadinganga | abangadinganga | bengadinganga | |||
Class 3 | wādinga | owādinga | wādinga | awudinganga | ongadinganga | ungadinganga | |||
Class 4 | yādinga | eyādinga | yādinga | ayidinganga | engadinganga | ingadinganga | |||
Class 5 | lādinga | elādinga | lādinga | alidinganga | elingadinganga | lingadinganga | |||
Class 6 | ādinga | ādinga | ādinga | awadinganga | angadinganga | engadinganga | |||
Class 7 | sādinga | esādinga | sādinga | asidinganga | esingadinganga | singadinganga | |||
Class 8 | zādinga | ezādinga | zādinga | azidinganga | ezingadinganga | zingadinganga | |||
Class 9 | yādinga | eyādinga | yādinga | ayidinganga | engadinganga | ingadinganga | |||
Class 10 | zādinga | ezādinga | zādinga | azidinganga | ezingadinganga | zingadinganga | |||
Class 11 | lwādinga | olwādinga | lwādinga | aludinganga | olungadinganga | lungadinganga | |||
Class 14 | bādinga | obādinga | bādinga | abudinganga | obungadinganga | bungadinganga | |||
Class 15 | kwādinga | okwādinga | kwādinga | akudinganga | okungadinganga | kungadinganga | |||
Class 17 | kwādinga | okwādinga | kwādinga | akudinganga | okungadinganga | kungadinganga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingadinga | — | ngingadinga | ngingedinge | — | ngingedinge | |||
2nd singular | ungadinga | — | ungadinga | ungedinge | — | ungedinge | |||
1st plural | singadinga | — | singadinga | singedinge | — | singedinge | |||
2nd plural | ningadinga | — | ningadinga | ningedinge | — | ningedinge | |||
Class 1 | angadinga | — | engadinga | angedinge | — | engedinge | |||
Class 2 | bangadinga | — | bengadinga | bangedinge | — | bengedinge | |||
Class 3 | ungadinga | — | ungadinga | ungedinge | — | ungedinge | |||
Class 4 | ingadinga | — | ingadinga | ingedinge | — | ingedinge | |||
Class 5 | lingadinga | — | lingadinga | lingedinge | — | lingedinge | |||
Class 6 | angadinga | — | engadinga | angedinge | — | engedinge | |||
Class 7 | singadinga | — | singadinga | singedinge | — | singedinge | |||
Class 8 | zingadinga | — | zingadinga | zingedinge | — | zingedinge | |||
Class 9 | ingadinga | — | ingadinga | ingedinge | — | ingedinge | |||
Class 10 | zingadinga | — | zingadinga | zingedinge | — | zingedinge | |||
Class 11 | lungadinga | — | lungadinga | lungedinge | — | lungedinge | |||
Class 14 | bungadinga | — | bungadinga | bungedinge | — | bungedinge | |||
Class 15 | kungadinga | — | kungadinga | kungedinge | — | kungedinge | |||
Class 17 | kungadinga | — | kungadinga | kungedinge | — | kungedinge | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizodinga | engizodinga | ngizodinga | angizudinga | engingezudinga | ngingezudinga | |||
2nd singular | uzodinga | ozodinga | uzodinga | awuzudinga | ongezudinga | ungezudinga | |||
1st plural | sizodinga | esizodinga | sizodinga | asizudinga | esingezudinga | singezudinga | |||
2nd plural | nizodinga | enizodinga | nizodinga | anizudinga | eningezudinga | ningezudinga | |||
Class 1 | uzodinga | ozodinga | ezodinga | akazudinga | ongezudinga | engezudinga | |||
Class 2 | bazodinga | abazodinga | bezodinga | abazudinga | abangezudinga | bengezudinga | |||
Class 3 | uzodinga | ozodinga | uzodinga | awuzudinga | ongezudinga | ungezudinga | |||
Class 4 | izodinga | ezodinga | izodinga | ayizudinga | engezudinga | ingezudinga | |||
Class 5 | lizodinga | elizodinga | lizodinga | alizudinga | elingezudinga | lingezudinga | |||
Class 6 | azodinga | azodinga | ezodinga | awazudinga | angezudinga | engezudinga | |||
Class 7 | sizodinga | esizodinga | sizodinga | asizudinga | esingezudinga | singezudinga | |||
Class 8 | zizodinga | ezizodinga | zizodinga | azizudinga | ezingezudinga | zingezudinga | |||
Class 9 | izodinga | ezodinga | izodinga | ayizudinga | engezudinga | ingezudinga | |||
Class 10 | zizodinga | ezizodinga | zizodinga | azizudinga | ezingezudinga | zingezudinga | |||
Class 11 | luzodinga | oluzodinga | luzodinga | aluzudinga | olungezudinga | lungezudinga | |||
Class 14 | buzodinga | obuzodinga | buzodinga | abuzudinga | obungezudinga | bungezudinga | |||
Class 15 | kuzodinga | okuzodinga | kuzodinga | akuzudinga | okungezudinga | kungezudinga | |||
Class 17 | kuzodinga | okuzodinga | kuzodinga | akuzudinga | okungezudinga | kungezudinga | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyodinga | engiyodinga | ngiyodinga | angiyudinga | engingeyudinga | ngingeyudinga | |||
2nd singular | uyodinga | oyodinga | uyodinga | awuyudinga | ongeyudinga | ungeyudinga | |||
1st plural | siyodinga | esiyodinga | siyodinga | asiyudinga | esingeyudinga | singeyudinga | |||
2nd plural | niyodinga | eniyodinga | niyodinga | aniyudinga | eningeyudinga | ningeyudinga | |||
Class 1 | uyodinga | oyodinga | eyodinga | akayudinga | ongeyudinga | engeyudinga | |||
Class 2 | bayodinga | abayodinga | beyodinga | abayudinga | abangeyudinga | bengeyudinga | |||
Class 3 | uyodinga | oyodinga | uyodinga | awuyudinga | ongeyudinga | ungeyudinga | |||
Class 4 | iyodinga | eyodinga | iyodinga | ayiyudinga | engeyudinga | ingeyudinga | |||
Class 5 | liyodinga | eliyodinga | liyodinga | aliyudinga | elingeyudinga | lingeyudinga | |||
Class 6 | ayodinga | ayodinga | eyodinga | awayudinga | angeyudinga | engeyudinga | |||
Class 7 | siyodinga | esiyodinga | siyodinga | asiyudinga | esingeyudinga | singeyudinga | |||
Class 8 | ziyodinga | eziyodinga | ziyodinga | aziyudinga | ezingeyudinga | zingeyudinga | |||
Class 9 | iyodinga | eyodinga | iyodinga | ayiyudinga | engeyudinga | ingeyudinga | |||
Class 10 | ziyodinga | eziyodinga | ziyodinga | aziyudinga | ezingeyudinga | zingeyudinga | |||
Class 11 | luyodinga | oluyodinga | luyodinga | aluyudinga | olungeyudinga | lungeyudinga | |||
Class 14 | buyodinga | obuyodinga | buyodinga | abuyudinga | obungeyudinga | bungeyudinga | |||
Class 15 | kuyodinga | okuyodinga | kuyodinga | akuyudinga | okungeyudinga | kungeyudinga | |||
Class 17 | kuyodinga | okuyodinga | kuyodinga | akuyudinga | okungeyudinga | kungeyudinga | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngidinge | ngingadingi | |||||||
2nd singular | udinge | ungadingi | |||||||
1st plural | sidinge | singadingi | |||||||
2nd plural | nidinge | ningadingi | |||||||
Class 1 | adinge | angadingi | |||||||
Class 2 | badinge | bangadingi | |||||||
Class 3 | udinge | ungadingi | |||||||
Class 4 | idinge | ingadingi | |||||||
Class 5 | lidinge | lingadingi | |||||||
Class 6 | adinge | angadingi | |||||||
Class 7 | sidinge | singadingi | |||||||
Class 8 | zidinge | zingadingi | |||||||
Class 9 | idinge | ingadingi | |||||||
Class 10 | zidinge | zingadingi | |||||||
Class 11 | ludinge | lungadingi | |||||||
Class 14 | budinge | bungadingi | |||||||
Class 15 | kudinge | kungadingi | |||||||
Class 17 | kudinge | kungadingi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngadinga | ngangadinga, angadinga, angangadinga | |||||||
2nd singular | wadinga | wangadinga, awadinga, awangadinga | |||||||
1st plural | sadinga | sangadinga, asadinga, asangadinga | |||||||
2nd plural | nadinga | nangadinga, anadinga, anangadinga | |||||||
Class 1 | wadinga | wangadinga, akadinga, akangadinga | |||||||
Class 2 | badinga | bangadinga, abadinga, abangadinga | |||||||
Class 3 | wadinga | wangadinga, awadinga, awangadinga | |||||||
Class 4 | yadinga | yangadinga, ayadinga, ayangadinga | |||||||
Class 5 | ladinga | langadinga, aladinga, alangadinga | |||||||
Class 6 | adinga | angadinga, awadinga, awangadinga | |||||||
Class 7 | sadinga | sangadinga, asadinga, asangadinga | |||||||
Class 8 | zadinga | zangadinga, azadinga, azangadinga | |||||||
Class 9 | yadinga | yangadinga, ayadinga, ayangadinga | |||||||
Class 10 | zadinga | zangadinga, azadinga, azangadinga | |||||||
Class 11 | lwadinga | lwangadinga, alwadinga, alwangadinga | |||||||
Class 14 | badinga | bangadinga, abadinga, abangadinga | |||||||
Class 15 | kwadinga | kwangadinga, akwadinga, akwangadinga | |||||||
Class 17 | kwadinga | kwangadinga, akwadinga, akwangadinga |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “dinga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “dinga (6.3)”
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