dam-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dam"

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Classifier

dam-

  1. classifier for places: villages, fields, houses, windows, doors

Old Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [daṽ]

Prefix

dam- (class B & C infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)

  1. Alternative form of dom- (“me”)

See also
Old Irish affixed pronouns

See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.

Person Infixed Suffixed
Class A Class B Class C
1 sing. m-L dom-L, dam-L -um
2 sing. t-L dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L -ut
3 sing. m. a-N, e-N d-N id-N, did-N, d-N -i, -it
3 sing. f. s-(N) da- -us
3 sing. n. a-L, e-L d-L id-L, did-L, d-L -i, -it
1 pl. n- don-, dun-, dan- -unn
2 pl. b- dob-, dub-, dab- -uib
3 pl. s-(N) da- -us
L means this form triggers lenition.
N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis)
(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

Welsh

Alternative forms

Etymology

Proto-Celtic *do-ambi-, from *do- +‎ *ambi-,[1] equivalent to dy- (“to, together”) +‎ am- (“around”).[2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /dam/

Prefix

dam-

  1. around, circum-
    ‎dam- + ‎cylchu (“to circle, to surround”) → ‎damgylchu (“to encompass, to surround”)
    ‎dam- + ‎amcanu (“to estimate”) → ‎damcanu (“to conjecture, to speculate”)

Derived terms
Welsh terms prefixed with dam-

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
dam- ddam- nam- unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dam-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  2. Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i (13)
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