cwrdd
Welsh
Etymology
Clipping of cyhwrdd (“to meet; meeting”), itself from cy- (“together, co-”) + hwrdd (“push, blow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʊrð/
- Rhymes: -ʊrð
Verb
cwrdd (first-person singular present cwrddaf)
- (South Wales) to meet (with â)
- Synonym: cyfarfod
- Rydw i'n mynd i gwrdd â theulu Dafydd yfory.
- I am going to meet David's family tomorrow.
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cwrddaf | cwrddi | cwrdd, cwrdda | cwrddwn | cwrddwch | cwrddant | cwrddir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cwrddwn | cwrddit | cwrddai | cwrddem | cwrddech | cwrddent | cwrddid | |
| preterite | cwrddais | cwrddaist | cwrddodd | cwrddasom | cwrddasoch | cwrddasant | cwrddwyd | |
| pluperfect | cwrddaswn | cwrddasit | cwrddasai | cwrddasem | cwrddasech | cwrddasent | cwrddasid, cwrddesid | |
| present subjunctive | cwrddwyf | cwrddych | cwrddo | cwrddom | cwrddoch | cwrddont | cwrdder | |
| imperative | — | cwrdd, cwrdda | cwrdded | cwrddwn | cwrddwch | cwrddent | cwrdder | |
| verbal noun | cwrdd | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cwrddedig cwrddadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cwrdda i, cwrddaf i | cwrddi di | cwrddith o/e/hi, cwrddiff e/hi | cwrddwn ni | cwrddwch chi | cwrddan nhw |
| conditional | cwrddwn i, cwrddswn i | cwrddet ti, cwrddset ti | cwrddai fo/fe/hi, cwrddsai fo/fe/hi | cwrdden ni, cwrddsen ni | cwrddech chi, cwrddsech chi | cwrdden nhw, cwrddsen nhw |
| preterite | cwrddais i, cwrddes i | cwrddaist ti, cwrddest ti | cwrddodd o/e/hi | cwrddon ni | cwrddoch chi | cwrddon nhw |
| imperative | — | cwrdda | — | — | cwrddwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cwrdd | gwrdd | nghwrdd | chwrdd |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cwrdd”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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