crua

Catalan

Pronunciation

Adjective

crua

  1. feminine singular of cru

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish crúaid (“hard, hardy, harsh; stern, strict”), from Proto-Celtic *kroudis, from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-.

Pronunciation
  • (Munster) IPA(key): /kɾˠuəɟ/, [kɾˠuɛ̯ɟ][1] (corresponding to the pre-reform spelling cruaidh)
  • (Connacht) IPA(key): /kɾˠuə/
  • (Ulster) IPA(key): /kɾˠuəj/, [kɾˠui̯][2] (corresponding to the pre-reform spelling cruaidh)

Adjective

crua (comparative crua or cruacha)

  1. hard, firm
  2. difficult
  3. severe

Declension
Declension of crua
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative crua chrua crua;
chrua²
Vocative chrua crua
Genitive crua crua crua
Dative crua;
chrua¹		 chrua crua;
chrua²
Comparative níos crua
Superlative is crua

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

  • Alternative comparative form: cruacha (Cois Fharraige)

Derived terms

Noun

crua f (genitive singular crua)

  1. hardness

Declension
Declension of crua

Fourth declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative crua
Vocative a chrua
Genitive crua
Dative crua

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular
Nominative an chrua
Genitive na crua
Dative leis an gcrua

don chrua

Noun

crua m (genitive singular cruaite)

  1. Alternative form of cruachan (“hardening”)

Declension
Declension of crua

Irregular

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative crua
Vocative a chrua
Genitive cruaite
Dative crua

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular
Nominative an crua
Genitive an chruaite
Dative leis an gcrua

don chrua

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
crua chrua gcrua
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 24
  2. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 59

Further reading

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin crūdam.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkɾu.a/
  • Rhymes: -ua

Adjective

crua

  1. feminine singular of cruu

Descendants
  • Galician: crúa
  • Portuguese: crua

Portuguese

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkɾu.ɐ/

  • Rhymes: -uɐ
  • Hyphenation: cru‧a

Adjective

crua

  1. feminine singular of cru

Venetian

Adjective

crua f sg

  1. feminine singular of cruo
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