casser
See also: câsser
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French quasser, from Latin quassāre, influenced by Late Latin cassāre (“to annul”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.se/, /kɑ.se/
audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of casser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | casser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | cassant /ka.sɑ̃/ or /kɑ.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | cassé /ka.se/ or /kɑ.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | casse /kas/ or /kɑs/ |
casses /kas/ or /kɑs/ |
casse /kas/ or /kɑs/ |
cassons /ka.sɔ̃/ or /kɑ.sɔ̃/ |
cassez /ka.se/ or /kɑ.se/ |
cassent /kas/ or /kɑs/ |
| imperfect | cassais /ka.sɛ/ or /kɑ.sɛ/ |
cassais /ka.sɛ/ or /kɑ.sɛ/ |
cassait /ka.sɛ/ or /kɑ.sɛ/ |
cassions /ka.sjɔ̃/ or /kɑ.sjɔ̃/ |
cassiez /ka.sje/ or /kɑ.sje/ |
cassaient /ka.sɛ/ or /kɑ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | cassai /ka.se/ or /kɑ.se/ |
cassas /ka.sa/ or /kɑ.sa/ |
cassa /ka.sa/ or /kɑ.sa/ |
cassâmes /ka.sam/ or /kɑ.sam/ |
cassâtes /ka.sat/ or /kɑ.sat/ |
cassèrent /ka.sɛʁ/ or /kɑ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | casserai /ka.sʁe/ or /kɑ.sʁe/ |
casseras /ka.sʁa/ or /kɑ.sʁa/ |
cassera /ka.sʁa/ or /kɑ.sʁa/ |
casserons /ka.sʁɔ̃/ or /kɑ.sʁɔ̃/ |
casserez /ka.sʁe/ or /kɑ.sʁe/ |
casseront /ka.sʁɔ̃/ or /kɑ.sʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | casserais /ka.sʁɛ/ or /kɑ.sʁɛ/ |
casserais /ka.sʁɛ/ or /kɑ.sʁɛ/ |
casserait /ka.sʁɛ/ or /kɑ.sʁɛ/ |
casserions /ka.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /kɑ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
casseriez /ka.sə.ʁje/ or /kɑ.sə.ʁje/ |
casseraient /ka.sʁɛ/ or /kɑ.sʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | casse /kas/ or /kɑs/ |
casses /kas/ or /kɑs/ |
casse /kas/ or /kɑs/ |
cassions /ka.sjɔ̃/ or /kɑ.sjɔ̃/ |
cassiez /ka.sje/ or /kɑ.sje/ |
cassent /kas/ or /kɑs/ |
| imperfect2 | cassasse /ka.sas/ or /kɑ.sas/ |
cassasses /ka.sas/ or /kɑ.sas/ |
cassât /ka.sa/ or /kɑ.sa/ |
cassassions /ka.sa.sjɔ̃/ or /kɑ.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
cassassiez /ka.sa.sje/ or /kɑ.sa.sje/ |
cassassent /ka.sas/ or /kɑ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | casse /kas/ or /kɑs/ |
— | cassons /ka.sɔ̃/ or /kɑ.sɔ̃/ |
cassez /ka.se/ or /kɑ.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Synonyms
Derived terms
- à tout casser
- ça passe ou ça casse
- casse
- casse-noisette
- casse-noix
- casser du sucre sur le dos de
- casser la baraque
- casser la croûte
- casser la gueule
- casser les burnes
- casser les couilles
- casser les pieds
- casser sa pipe
- gueule cassée
- j’t’ai cassé
- ne pas casser trois pattes à un canard
- on ne fait pas d’omelette sans casser des œufs
- payer les pots cassés
- se casser
- se casser la nénette
- se casser le cul
- s’y casser les dents
- tant va la cruche à l’eau qu’à la fin elle se casse
Related terms
Further reading
- “casser”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-sss, *-sst are modified to s, s, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | casser | avoir cassé | |||||
| gerund | en cassant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | cassant | ||||||
| past participle | cassé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cas | casses | casse | cassons | cassez | cassent |
| imperfect | cassoie, casseie, cassoe, casseve | cassoies, casseies, cassoes, casseves | cassoit, casseit, cassot, casseve | cassiiens, cassiens | cassiiez, cassiez | cassoient, casseient, cassoent, cassevent | |
| preterite | cassai | cassas | cassa | cassames | cassastes | casserent | |
| future | casserai | casseras | cassera | casserons | casseroiz, cassereiz, casserez | casseront | |
| conditional | casseroie, cassereie | casseroies, cassereies | casseroit, cassereit | casseriiens, casseriens | casseriiez, casseriez | casseroient, cassereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cas | cas | cast | cassons | cassez | cassent |
| imperfect | cassasse | cassasses | cassast | cassissons, cassissiens | cassissoiz, cassissez, cassissiez | cassassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | casse | — | cassons | cassez | — | ||
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