calma
Catalan
Etymology 1
From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, but this is uncertain.
Etymology 2
Of pre-Roman origin.
Hypernyms
Verb
calma
- inflection of calmar:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Further reading
- “calma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Galician
Etymology
From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkalma/ [ˈkɑl.mɐ]
- Rhymes: -alma
- Hyphenation: cal‧ma
Noun
calma f (uncountable)
- calm, especially of the sea or sky
- stillness
- peace, quietude
- Synonyms: paz, serenidade, tranquilidade
Related terms
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkal̪ˠəmˠə/, /ˈkalˠəmˠə/[1]
Etymology 1
From Middle Irish calma (“strong; brave, valiant”).[2]
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | calma | chalma | calma; chalma² | |
Vocative | chalma | calma | ||
Genitive | calma | calma | calma | |
Dative | calma; chalma¹ |
chalma | calma; chalma² | |
Comparative | níos calma | |||
Superlative | is calma |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Etymology 2
From Middle English calme, from Middle French calme, from Old Italian calma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma). Compare French calme, English calm.
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | calma | chalma | calma; chalma² | |
Vocative | chalma | calma | ||
Genitive | calma | calma | calma | |
Dative | calma; chalma¹ |
chalma | calma; chalma² | |
Comparative | níos calma | |||
Superlative | is calma |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
calma | chalma | gcalma |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 138, page 53
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “calma”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “calma” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “calma” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkal.ma/
- Rhymes: -alma
- Hyphenation: càl‧ma
Etymology 1
Origin uncertain. Possibly from Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, heat of the sun”). Compare also Proto-Germanic *kalmaz (“frozenness, cold”).
Related terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
calma
- inflection of calmare:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Anagrams
Middle Irish
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkalmə/
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Synonyms
- calmach
Derived terms
- calmaigid (“strengthens, confirms”, verb)
- calmuain
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Synonyms
- calmacht
- calmatus
Mutation
Middle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
calma | chalma | calma pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈkaw.mɐ/ [ˈkaʊ̯.mɐ]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈkaw.ma/ [ˈkaʊ̯.ma]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈkal.mɐ/ [ˈkaɫ.mɐ]
- Rhymes: -almɐ, -awmɐ
- Hyphenation: cal‧ma
Etymology 1
From Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “to burn”). Possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, although the word was found in Ibero-Romance as early as in Italian.
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
calma
- inflection of calmar:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Romanian
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
a calma (third-person singular present calmează, past participle calmat) 1st conj.
- to calm
- (reflexive) to calm oneself, calm down, settle down
Conjugation
infinitive | a calma | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | calmând | ||||||
past participle | calmat | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | calmez | calmezi | calmează | calmăm | calmați | calmează | |
imperfect | calmam | calmai | calma | calmam | calmați | calmau | |
simple perfect | calmai | calmași | calmă | calmarăm | calmarăți | calmară | |
pluperfect | calmasem | calmaseși | calmase | calmaserăm | calmaserăți | calmaseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | să calmez | să calmezi | să calmeze | să calmăm | să calmați | să calmeze | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | calmează | calmați | |||||
negative | nu calma | nu calmați |
Related terms
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Middle Irish calma (“strong; brave, valiant”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkʰal̪ˠamə/
References
- Edward Dwelly (1911) “calma”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkalma/ [ˈkal.ma]
Audio (Peru): (file) - Rhymes: -alma
- Syllabification: cal‧ma
Etymology 1
Ultimately from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), through Late Latin cauma. Possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, although the word was found in Ibero-Romance as early as in Italian.
Noun
calma f (plural calmas)
- calm, stillness, peacefulness
- tranquility, peace and quiet
- Synonym: tranquilidad
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
calma
- inflection of calmar:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Further reading
- “calma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014