bethu
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- beothu, bethad
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *biwotūts (compare Welsh bywyd), from *biwos from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”) (compare Latin vīta, Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos), Old Church Slavonic животъ (životŭ, “life”), Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊 (gaiio, “life”) accusative 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨 (jiiātum)), from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbʲeθu/
Noun
bethu m
- life
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 3c2
- tri chretim i nÍsu ꝉ isin beothu i táa Ísu iar n-esséirgu
- through belief in Jesus or in the life in which Jesus is after resurrection
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 15b28
- A mbás tíagme-ni do·áirci bethid dúibsi .i. is ar bethid dúibsi tíagmi-ni bás.
- The death to which we go causes life to you pl, i.e. it is for the sake of life to you that we go to death.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 3c2
Declension
| Masculine t-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | bethu | — | — |
| Vocative | bethu | — | — |
| Accusative | bethaidN, bethu | — | — |
| Genitive | bethad | — | — |
| Dative | bethaidL, bethu | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| bethu | bethu pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
mbethu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “betha”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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