aredig

Welsh
benywod yn aredig

Alternative forms

Etymology

Finite forms built on the stem ardd- are from Proto-Brythonic *ėrðɨd, from Proto-Celtic *aryeti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti. The verbal noun is from Middle Welsh eredic (with analogically restored a in the first syllable), from Proto-Brythonic *ėrėdig, from Proto-Celtic *aratīkos, from the root of *aryeti (“to plow”), from *h₂erh₃-.

Pronunciation

Verb

aredig (first-person singular present arddaf or aredaf)

  1. to plow

Conjugation

Finite forms built on the stem ardd- (most common forms):

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future arddaf erddi ardd arddwn erddwch arddant erddir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 arddwn arddit arddai arddem arddech arddent erddid
preterite erddais erddaist arddodd arddasom arddasoch arddasant arddwyd
pluperfect arddaswn arddasit arddasai arddasem arddasech arddasent arddasid, arddesid
present subjunctive arddwyf erddych arddo arddom arddoch arddont ardder
imperative — ardd ardded arddwn erddwch arddent ardder
verbal noun aredig
verbal adjectives arddedig
arddadwy

Finite forms built on the stem ared- (rare):

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future aredaf aredi ared, areda aredwn aredwch aredant aredir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 aredwn aredit aredai aredem aredech aredent aredid
preterite aredais aredaist aredodd aredasom aredasoch aredasant aredwyd
pluperfect aredaswn aredasit aredasai aredasem aredasech aredasent aredasid, aredesid
present subjunctive aredwyf aredych aredo aredom aredoch aredont areder
imperative — ared, areda areded aredwn aredwch aredent areder
verbal noun aredig
verbal adjectives arededig
aredadwy

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
aredig unchanged unchanged haredig
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arddaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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