apu
Batui
Etymology
From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʔapu/
Further reading
- David Mead, Edy Pasanda, An Initial Appreciation of the Dialect Situation in Saluan and Batui (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia) (2015)
Borong
References
- Kaija Olkkonen, Soini Olkkonen, Somba-Siawari (Burum Mindik)—English dictionary (2007) (mentioned in the entry o)
Chamorro
Etymology
From Pre-Chamorro *ʔapu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *apu.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑ̝pu]
- Rhymes: -ɑpu
- Syllabification(key): a‧pu
Noun
apu
- help, aid, assistance, relief, succour
- Apua! ― Help!
- jonkin avulla ― with the help of something / using something
- (in expressions) helping hand, one who helps
- remedy, relief (something that provides a removal of stress or discomfort)
- (in compounds) auxiliary, additional, accessory
- apukone ― auxiliary engine
Declension
| Inflection of apu (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | apu | avut | ||
| genitive | avun | apujen | ||
| partitive | apua | apuja | ||
| illative | apuun | apuihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | apu | avut | ||
| accusative | nom. | apu | avut | |
| gen. | avun | |||
| genitive | avun | apujen | ||
| partitive | apua | apuja | ||
| inessive | avussa | avuissa | ||
| elative | avusta | avuista | ||
| illative | apuun | apuihin | ||
| adessive | avulla | avuilla | ||
| ablative | avulta | avuilta | ||
| allative | avulle | avuille | ||
| essive | apuna | apuina | ||
| translative | avuksi | avuiksi | ||
| abessive | avutta | avuitta | ||
| instructive | — | avuin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of apu (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
- ammattiapu
- apua
- apuaine
- apuharvennus
- apujoukko
- apukassa
- apukinos
- apukone
- apukoulu
- apukuski
- apukäynnistin
- apumatti
- apumuisti
- apumuuttuja
- apupaketti
- apupuolue
- apupäätös
- apuraha
- apurahasto
- apuvalmentaja
- apuviiva
- apuvirtakaapeli
- aseapu
- asiantuntija-apu
- asiantuntijanapu
- avunantaja
- avunanto
- avunhuuto
- avunpyyntö
- avunpyytäjä
- avunsaaja
- avuntarjous
- avuntarve
- avuntarvitsija
- elatusapu
- elintarvikeapu
- ensiapu
- hautausapu
- henkilöapu
- huoltoapu
- hätäapu
- itseapu
- katastrofiapu
- kehitysapu
- kodinhoitoapu
- kotiapu
- kriisiapu
- kuolinapu
- köyhäinapu
- lääkärinapu
- materiaaliapu
- naapuriapu
- oikeusapu
- oma apu paras apu
- oma-apuryhmä
- pohjeapu
- ruoka-apu
- sijaisapu
- talkooapu
- talousapu
- tilapäisapu
- työapu
- ulkomaanapu
- vaateapu
- vaatetusapu
- valtionapu
- vetoapu
- virka-apu
adjectives
nouns
verbs
Further reading
- “apu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɒpu]
- Hyphenation: apu
- Rhymes: -pu
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | apu | apuk |
| accusative | aput | apukat |
| dative | apunak | apuknak |
| instrumental | apuval | apukkal |
| causal-final | apuért | apukért |
| translative | apuvá | apukká |
| terminative | apuig | apukig |
| essive-formal | apuként | apukként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | apuban | apukban |
| superessive | apun | apukon |
| adessive | apunál | apuknál |
| illative | apuba | apukba |
| sublative | apura | apukra |
| allative | apuhoz | apukhoz |
| elative | apuból | apukból |
| delative | apuról | apukról |
| ablative | aputól | apuktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
apué | apuké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
apuéi | apukéi |
| Possessive forms of apu | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | apum | apuim |
| 2nd person sing. | apud | apuid |
| 3rd person sing. | apuja | apui |
| 1st person plural | apunk | apuink |
| 2nd person plural | aputok | apuitok |
| 3rd person plural | apujuk | apuik |
Derived terms
- apuka
Further reading
- apu in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- apu in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Ingrian
Pronunciation
Noun
apu
- Synonym of api
- 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 109:
- Hää oli prostoist vanhemmist, varraa jäi vanhemmist i suureel vaivaal vanhemman veljän avul sai itsellee obrazovanjan.
- He had simple parents, lost [his] parents early on and with big difficulty with the help of his older brother got himself an education.
Declension
| Declension of apu (type 4/koivu, p-v gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | apu | avut |
| genitive | avun | appuin, apuloin |
| partitive | appua | apuja, apuloja |
| illative | appuu | appui, apuloihe |
| inessive | avus | avuis, apulois |
| elative | avust | avuist, apuloist |
| allative | avulle | avuille, apuloille |
| adessive | avul | avuil, apuloil |
| ablative | avult | avuilt, apuloilt |
| translative | avuks | avuiks, apuloiks |
| essive | apunna, appuun | apuinna, apuloinna, appuin, apuloin |
| exessive1) | apunt | apuint, apuloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 2
- Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 15
Kapampangan
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu, from Proto-Austronesian *apu. Compare Ilocano apo, Tagalog apo, Cebuano apu, Malay empu, and Cebuano umpu. Also possibly from Hokkien 阿婆 (a-pô, “paternal grandmother”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ápû or ápu
- grandparent
- term of address for one's grandparents
- term of reference for one's grandmother
- title added to saint's names
- Apu Lusya
- Saint Lucy
References
- Michael L. Forman (2019) Kapampangan Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, archived from the original on 29 June 2021, page 11
Karelian
| North Karelian (Viena) |
apu |
|---|---|
| South Karelian (Tver) |
abu |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑpu/
- Hyphenation: a‧pu
Declension
| Viena Karelian declension of apu (type 1/tyttö, p-v gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | apu | avut | |
| genitive | avun | apujen | |
| partitive | apuo | apuja | |
| illative | apuh | apuloih | |
| inessive | avušša | apuloissa | |
| elative | avušta | apuloista | |
| adessive | avulla | apuloilla | |
| ablative | avulta | apuloilta | |
| translative | avukši | apuloiksi | |
| essive | apuna | apuloina | |
| comitative | — | apuloineh | |
| abessive | avutta | apuloitta | |
| Possessive forms of apu | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | apuni | |
| 2nd person | apuš | |
| 3rd person | apuh | |
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. | ||
References
- P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “помощь”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN
Limos Kalinga
Megleno-Romanian
References
- Theodor Capidan, Dicționar meglenoromân (Megleno-Romanian dictionary)
Meriam
Pamona
References
- Donald F. and Sharon G. Barr and C. Salombe, Languages of Central Sulawesi: checklist, preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists, Ujung Pandang: Hasanuddin University (1979), page 98
Pitjantjatjara
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɐpʊ]
Synonyms
Saluan
Etymology
From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʔapuː/
Further reading
- David Mead, Edy Pasanda, An Initial Appreciation of the Dialect Situation in Saluan and Batui (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia) (2015)
Uma
Etymology
From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.
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