< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spōdijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *spōdi (success, prosperity) + *-jan.

Verb

*spōdijan

  1. to cause to succeed

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *spōdijan
1st sg. past *spōdidā
Infinitive *spōdijan
Genitive infin. *spōdijannjas
Dative infin. *spōdijannjē
Instrum. infin. *spōdijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *spōdiju *spōdidā
2nd singular *spōdisi *spōdidēs, *spōdidōs
3rd singular *spōdiþi *spōdidē, *spōdidā
1st plural *spōdijum *spōdidum
2nd plural *spōdiþ *spōdidud
3rd plural *spōdijanþ *spōdidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *spōdijē *spōdidī
2nd singular *spōdijēs *spōdidī
3rd singular *spōdijē *spōdidī
1st plural *spōdijēm *spōdidīm
2nd plural *spōdijēþ *spōdidīd
3rd plural *spōdijēn *spōdidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *spōdi
Plural *spōdiþ
Present Past
Participle *spōdijandī *spōdid

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: spēdan
    • Middle English: speden, spedden
      • English: speed
      • Scots: spede, speid
      • Yola: zpeed
  • Old Frisian: spēda
  • Old Saxon: spōdian
    • Middle Low German: spōden, spöden
      • German: sputen (earlier spuden, both by secondary adaptation)
  • Old Dutch: spuoden
  • Old High German: spuoten (without continuation)
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