< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hagatussjā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hagatusjō,[1] from *hagô (“enclosure; pasture”) +‎ *tusjō (“witch, demon”) (whence Norwegian tysja (“witch, demon”)),[2] compare English hedgewitch. Second element perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“breath; spirit”), whence Proto-Slavic *duxъ (“breath; spirit”).[3]

Noun

*hagatussjā f[3][4]

  1. witch

Inflection
ōn-stem
Singular
Nominative *hagatussjā
Genitive *hagatussjōn
Singular Plural
Nominative *hagatussjā *hagatussjōn
Accusative *hagatussjōn *hagatussjōn
Genitive *hagatussjōn *hagatussjōnō
Dative *hagatussjōn *hagatussjōm, *hagatussjum
Instrumental *hagatussjōn *hagatussjōm, *hagatussjum

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants
  • Old English: hægtesse, hægtes, hægtess, hegtes
    • Middle English: hagge, hegge
  • Old Frisian: *hegtesse, *hexe
  • Old Saxon: *hagatusia
    • Middle Low German: hexe
      • German Low German: Häxe, Hexe
      • Plautdietsch: Hakjs
      • → Danish: heks
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: heks
      • → Swedish: häxa
  • Old Dutch: *hagatissa
    • Middle Dutch: hagetisse
  • Old High German: hagzissa, hagazussa, hagzussa, hāzissa, hāzussa, hāzessa, hāzus
    • Middle High German: hecse, hesse, hexse, hegxse, hexe
      • German: Hexe
        • → Dutch: heks
          • Afrikaans: heks
          • → Papiamentu: hèks
        • → Polish: heks
      • Luxembourgish: Hex

References
  1. The template Template:R:gem:Johnsen:2005 does not use the parameter(s): 
    2=*hag(a)tis-j-ō-
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Johnsen, Sverre (2005) The Germanic (i)jō-stem declension: Origin and development (PhD thesis)‎, Oslo: University of Oslo, page 73
  2. Hellquist, Elof (1922) “häxa”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎ (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag
  3. Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Hexe”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 308: “wg. *haga-tusjō”
  4. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 192: “PWGmc *hagatusi, *hagatusʲsʲā-”
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