Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/birkijā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ. Equivalent to *berku +‎ *-jā (agent suffix).

Noun

*birkijā f[1]

birch

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*birkijā
Genitive	*birkijōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*birkijā	*birkijōn
Accusative	*birkijōn	*birkijōn
Genitive	*birkijōn	*birkijōnō
Dative	*birkijōn	birkijōm, birkijum
Instrumental	*birkijōn	birkijōm, birkijum

Derived terms

*birkīn

Descendants

Old English: bierċe, birċe; birċiae
- Middle English: birche, byrche, birch, birk, byrke, birke, breche
  - English: birch
  - Northumbrian: birk
  - Scots: birk
Old Frisian: birk
- West Frisian: bjirk
Old Saxon: birka, berka
- Middle Low German: berke, barke
  - Low German: Bark
  - Plautdietsch: Boakj
Old Dutch: *berka (attested in Berclar)
- Middle Dutch: berke
  - Dutch: berk
    - Afrikaans: berk
  - Limburgish: bèrk
Old High German: birihha, birka, bircha
- Middle High German: birke (< birka, bircha)
  - German: Birke
  - Luxembourgish: Bierk

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 183: “PWGmc *birkijā”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 183: “PWGmc *birkijā”