Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yǖŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

**Proto-Turkic numbers ^(edit)**
← 10	← 70	100	1,000 →	10,000 →
		10
Cardinal: yǖŕ Ordinal: yǖŕünčü Distributive: yǖŕer Collective: yǖŕegü

Numeral

*yǖŕ

hundred

Descendants

Oghur:
- Bulgar: جُور (cǖr)
  - Chuvash: ҫӗр (śĕr)
→ Proto-Samoyedic:
- Nganasan дир (dir)
- Nenets юр” (yurʔ)
Common Turkic:

Karluk:
- Karakhanid: يُوزْ (yǖz)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (yüz)
    - Chagatai: [script needed] (yüz)
      - Uyghur: يۈز (yüz)
      - Uzbek: yuz
Khalaj: yü̂z
Kipchak:
Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)

Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yüz)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жүз (jüz)
  - Southern Altai: јӱс (ǰüs)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: йөҙ (yöź)
  - Tatar: йөз (yöz)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: жүз (jüz)
  - Karakalpak: júz
  - Nogai: юз (yuz)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: yüz
  - Karaim:
  - Kumyk-Karachay:
    - Karachay-Balkar: жюз (jüz)
    - Kumyk: юз (yuz)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: yüz
  - Gagauz: yüz
  - Ottoman Turkish: یوز (yüz)
    - Turkish: yüz
- Turkmen-Khorasan:
  - Turkmen: ýüz
  - Salar: [script needed] (yüz)
Siberian Turkic:
Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰇𐰕 (yüz)

Old Uyghur: ywz (yüz)

Old Yenisei: 𐰙𐰇𐰕 (yüz)
- Altai-Yenisei:
  - Khakas: чӱс (çüs)
  - Shor: чӱс
  - Northern Altai: чӱс (čüs)
- Sayan:
  - Tuvan: чүс (çüs)
- Yakut-Dolgan:
  - Dolgan: һүүс (hüüs)
  - Yakut: сүүс (süüs)
- Western Yugur: [script needed] (yöz), [script needed] (yuz)

Etymology 2

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *nixür (“face”), see Mongolian нүүр (nüür). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*yǖŕ

(anatomy) face

Declension

Declension of *yǖŕ

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*yǖŕ
Accusative	yǖŕni, yǖŕüg ⁴⁾, *yǖŕnig ¹⁾
Genitive	*yǖŕniŋ
Dative	*yǖŕke
Locative	*yǖŕte
Ablative	*yǖŕten
Allative	*yǖŕgerü
Instrumental ²⁾	*yǖŕün
Equative ²⁾	*yǖŕče
Similative ²⁾	*yǖŕleyü
Comitative ²⁾	*yǖŕlügü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

Medieval
- Karakhanid: يُوزْ (yǖz)
- Old Turkic
  - Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰇𐰕 (yüz)
  - Old Uyghur: ywz (yüz)
- Kipchak:
  - Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)
  - Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (yüz)
- Khorezmian: [script needed] (yüz)
Arghu:
- Khalaj: yü̂z
Oghuz
- West Oghuz
  - Azerbaijani: üz
  - Gagauz: yüz
  - Ottoman Turkish: یوز (yüz)
    - Turkish: yüz
- Salar
  - Salar: [script needed] (yüz), [script needed] (yiz)
- East Oghuz
  - Turkmen: ýüz
Kipchak
- West Kipchak
  - Crimean Tatar: yüz
  - Kumyk: юз (yuz)
- North Kipchak
  - Bashkir: йөҙ (yöź)
  - Tatar: йөз (yöz)
- South Kipchak
  - Caspian
    - Kazakh: жүз (jüz)
    - Karakalpak ju'z
    - Nogai юз (yuz)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak
    - Kyrgyz: жүз (jüz)
    - Southern Altai: јӱс (ǰüs)
Karluk:
- Chagatai: [script needed] (yüz)
  - Uzbek: yuz
  - Uyghur: يۈز (yüz)
Siberian
- North Siberian
  - Dolgan: һүүс (hüüs)
  - Yakut: сүүс (süüs)
- South Siberian
  - Western Yugur: [script needed] (yüz)
  - Yenisei Turkic
    - Khakas: чӱс (çüs)
Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫӑвар (śăvar)

References

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*nī́bŕo”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jǖŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yü:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 982

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