< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yā

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yā

  1. (weaponry) bow

Declension
Declension of *yā
Singular 3)
Nominative *yā
Accusative *yānï, *yāg 4), *yānïg 1)
Genitive *yānïŋ
Dative *yāka
Locative *yāda
Ablative *yādan
Allative *yāgaru
Instrumental 2) *yān
Equative 2) *yāča
Similative 2) *yālayu
Comitative 2) *yālïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur
    • ⇒ Chuvash: укҫу (ukśu) (< *ok (“arrow”) + *yā ("bow"))[1][2]
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Turkmen: ýāý
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: یا (ya)
      • Uzbek: yoy
      • Uyghur: يا (ya)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Tatar: җәйә (cäyä)
      • Bashkir: йәйә (yəyə)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: yay
      • Kumyk: жая (jaya)
      • Karachay-Balkar: джая (caya)
      • Karaim: йай, йаа, йайа
      • Krymchak: йай
    • South Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • North Siberian
      • Yakut: саа (saa, “rifle”)
        • Dolgan: һаа (“rifle”)
    • South Siberian
      • Western Yugur: ya (“arrow”)
      • Yenisei Turkic
        • Khakas: чааӌах (çaacax)
        • Shor: чачақ (čačaq)
      • Sayan Turkic
      • Northern Altai: дьа (dʹa)

References
  1. Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “укҫу”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume II, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, page 274
  2. Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “укҫу”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 271
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 869
  • The template Template:R:TMN does not use the parameter(s): 
    1=121-122
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21)‎ (in German), volume IV, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 524
  • Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, pages 74-75
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 570
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jā(j)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Tekin, Talât (1995) Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages] (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi; 13)‎, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 175

Coordinate terms
  • *ok (“arrow”)
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