< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/xātun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *qātun[1] (later)

Etymology

Borrowed from Northeastern Iranian, via Sogdic[2][3] or perhaps Sakan,[4] ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatā́wniH, the feminine form of *hwatā́wā (“lord, king”).

A minority view by Doerfer holds that the word is of Para-Mongolic origin, evidenced by Xianbei [Term?], and analyzed by him as cognate with *kagan (“khan”) and hypothetical feminine suffix *-tun found in Xianbei [Term?] (/⁠(a)matun⁠/, “mother”).[5]

Noun

*xātun[5][3][2][6]

  1. queen, lady

Declension
Declension of *xātun
Singular 3)
Nominative *xātun
Accusative *xātunnï, *xātunug 4), *xātunnïg 1)
Genitive *xātunnïŋ
Dative *xātunka
Locative *xātunta
Ablative *xātuntan
Allative *xātungaru
Instrumental 2) *xātunun
Equative 2) *xātunča
Similative 2) *xātunlayu
Comitative 2) *xātunlugu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

It is generally difficult to ascertain which forms are inherited and which are reborrowed from neighboring languages.

  • Karakhanid: قاتُونْ (qātūn)
  • Karluk:
    • Chagatai: خاتون (ḥatun)
      • Ili Turki:
      • Taranchi: xotun
      • Uzbek: xotin
      • Uyghur: خوتۇن (xotun)
      • Lopnor: [script needed] (xatun, “woman, wife”)
  • Kipchak
    • Kipchak: [script needed] (qātūn)
    • Central Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: кадыт (kadït)
      • Kyrgyz: катын (katın, “woman, wife; elderly woman”)
      • Teleut: кадын (kadïn), каат (kaat)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: ҡатын (qatın)
      • Tatar: хатын (xatın)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: katın, hatın
      • Karachay-Balkar: къатын (qatın)
      • Karaim: катын
      • Kumyk: къатын (qatın), къатын-киши (qatın-kişi)
      • Urum: катын
  • Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: qadın
    • Ottoman Turkish: قادین (qadin)
    • Gagauz: kadın, kadı́na (obsolete)
    • Salar: gadın, gadınkiş , xatunkiši (“woman”), xotun (“woman, wife”) (perhaps from Uyghur)
    • Turkmen: hātyn (obsolete)
  • Siberian:
    • Southern Siberian
      • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣 (qatun)
        • Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/⁠xatūn⁠/)
      • Northern Altai:
        • Northern Altai:
          кат (kat), каат (kaat) (kumandy)
          кадыт (kadït) (chelkan)
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: када (kada), кадай (kaday, “old woman”) (highly dubious)
          кадын (kadın, “queen”) (likely from Mongolic)
          каътташ (kàttaş, “woman”) (obsolete)
        • (?) Soyot:қадай (“woman”)
      • Yenisei:
        • Shor: қаат
        • Khakas: хадын (xadın), (?) хадай (xaday)
        • Western Yugur: ɢadən (“queen, wife of an important official person”)
    • North Siberian:
      • Dolgan: [script needed] (katun), [script needed] (kotun)
      • Yakut: хатын (qatın), хотун (qotun, “lady, mistress, wife”) (perhaps from Mongolic)
  • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (xatun)
  • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣 (qt¹un¹ /⁠qatun⁠/)
  • → Old Armenian: խաթուն (xatʻun)
  • → Manchu: ᡴᠠᡨᡠᠨ (katun, “princess, empress, queen”)
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *katun (if not inherited from Pre-Mongolic)
    Kalmyk: хатн (xatn, “wife, noblewoman, queen”)
    Khalkha: хатан (xatan)
    Ordos: [script needed] (ġatun, “lady, prince's wife”)
  • → Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫑𐫀𐫎𐫇𐫗 (xʾṯwn /⁠xātūn, qātūn⁠/, “Lady, an Uighur female title”)
    • Persian: خاتون (xâtun) (possibly, if not from Sogdian directly) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Tibetan: [script needed] (k'at'un, “princess”)

References
  1. Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 297
  2. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “xa:tun”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 602
  3. Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 157
  4. Dybo, Anna (2014) “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica‎, volume 2, page 9
  5. Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎ (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1159, page 132
  6. Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kadın”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
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