Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-siŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

preceding vowel
A / Ï	E / I	O / U	Ö / Ü
*-sïŕ	*-siŕ	*-suŕ	*-süŕ

Etymology

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-ser (“-less”).

Suffix

*-siŕ

Used to form adjectives or nouns denoting the non-possession of a thing or quality; -less
‎*kǖč (“power”) + ‎*-siŕ → ‎*kǖčsüŕ (“powerless”)

Antonym: *-lig

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-siŕ

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: -сӗр (-sĕr), -сӑр (-săr)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: -siz
Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: ـسز (-siz)
    - Azerbaijani: -siz
    - Ottoman Turkish: ـسز (-siz)
      - Turkish: -siz
      - Gagauz: -siz
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: -siz
  - Salar: -siz
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: -سىز
  - Chagatai:
    - Uyghur: -سىز (-siz)
    - Uzbek: -siz
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: -һеҙ (-heź)
  - Tatar: -сез (-sez)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: -siz
    - Urum: -сиэ (-siz)
  - Kumyk: -сиз (-siz)
  - Karachay-Balkar: -сиз (-siz)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: -сіз (-sız)
  - Karakalpak: -siz
  - Nogai: -сиз (-siz)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: -сиз (-siz), -сыз (-sız), -суз (-suz), -сүз (-süz)
  - Southern Altai: -сиз (-siz)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰔 (-siz, -süz)
  - Old Uyghur: -syž (-siž, -sïž)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: -сиз (-siz)

References

Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+sIz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Tekin, Talât (1968) “+sXz”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 149
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page xlii
Poppe, Nicholas (1974) “-sar/-ser”, in Grammar of Written Mongolian, Harrassowitz, page 44

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