< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-den

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms
  • *-dan
  • *-tin
  • *-tan
  • *-din
  • *-dïn
  • *-tin
  • *-tïn

Etymology

*-de (“locative-ablative suffix”) +‎ *-(i)n (“instrumental suffix”), the form *-din shows the duality created by the instrumental suffix.

Suffix

*-den

  1. Used to form ablative of nouns.
    ‎*eb (“house”) + ‎*-den → ‎*ebden (“from the house”)

Usage notes
  1. Contrary to modern usages, as in Old Turkic and Bulgar language, the consonants l, r and n are followed by the strong consonant form; remaining sounds are followed by the soft consonant form. For example;
    ‎*ol (“third person singular”) + ‎*-den → ‎*antan (“from there”)
  • *-ni (“accusative case”)
  • *-niŋ (“genitive case”)
  • *-ka (“dative case”)
  • *-de (“locative case”)
  • *-gerü (“allative case”)
  • *-če (“equative case”)

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Bulgar: ڔَان- (-ran) (as in ڊنيَاڔَان (dönyaran, “from world”))
      • Chuvash: -тен (-ten), -рен (-ren)
  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid:
      • Chagatai:
        • Uzbek: -dan
        • Uyghur: [script needed] (-den)
  • Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: -дан (-dan), -ден (-den), -дон (-don), -дөн (-dön), -тан (-tan), -тен (-ten), -тон (-ton), -төн (-tön), -ан (-an), -ен (-yen), -он (-on), -өн (-ön)
      • Southern Altai: -деҥ (-deŋ), -дӧҥ (-döŋ), -теҥ (-teŋ), -тӧҥ (-töŋ)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: -дән (-dən), -нән (-nən), -тән (-tən)
      • Tatar: -дән (-dän), -нән (-nän), -тән (-tän)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Kazakh: -ден (-den), -тен (-ten), -нен (-nen)
      • Karakalpak: -den, -ten
      • Nogai: -ден (-den)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: -den
      • Kumyk: -ден (-den)
      • Karachay-Balkar: -ден (-den)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰓𐰤 (-din)
    • North Siberian:
      • Yakut: -ттэн (-tten), -ттөн (-ttön), -тэн (-ten), -төн (-tön)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: -ден (-den), -тен (-ten)

References
  • Erdal, Marcel (2004) “+dIn”, in A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 174
  • Krueger, John Richard (1961) Chuvash Manual: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, and Vocabulary (Uralic and Altaic Series; 7), Indiana University, →ISBN, page 107
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