< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xopiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably of expressive origin, comparable with Proto-Slavic *xapati (“to bite”), Old Church Slavonic хѫпити (xǫpiti, “to snatch”). Compare further dial. Bulgarian хо́пам (hópam, “to skip, to frisk”), Polish chopnąć (“to clap, to push”) of onomatopoeic or interjectal origin.

Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ep- (“to grab, to have”), if presumably PIE *kH- could yield Proto-Slavic *x-. According to Uhlenbeck, may alternatively be a borrowing from Middle Low German happen (“to take a bite”); usually dismissed by other Slavists.

Verb

*xopiti pf

  1. to grasp, to seize
    Synonym: *xvatati
  2. (reflexive) (+ *sę) to undertake, to handle
    Synonym: *zaęti (sę)

Conjugation
Conjugation of *xopiti, *xopi, *xopitь (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*xopľenьje *xopiti *xopitъ *xopilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *xopľenъ —
Active *xopľь —
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *xopixъ*xopi*xopi *xopľǫ*xopiši*xopitь
Dual *xopixově*xopista*xopiste *xopivě*xopita*xopite
Plural *xopixomъ*xopiste*xopišę *xopimъ*xopite*xopętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular ——— —*xopi*xopi
Dual ——— *xopivě*xopita—
Plural ——— *xopimъ*xopite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*xopivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
  • In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Derived terms
  • *vyxopiti
  • *sъxopiti
  • *uxopiti, *vъxopiti

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: хопити (xopiti)
      • Belarusian: хапі́ць (xapícʹ)
      • Russian: хопи́ть (xopítʹ), хопи́ться (xopítʹsja)
      • Ukrainian: хопи́ти (xopýty), хопи́тися (xopýtysja)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: chopiti sě
      • Czech: chopit (“to grasp, to comprehend”), chopit se
    • Old Polish: pochopić
    • Slovak: chopiť
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: chopiś (“to begin”)
      • Upper Sorbian: khopić (“to initiate, to begin”)

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хопить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xopiti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 70
  • хопити in Горох.ua (Етимологія)
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