< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sę

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé; compare Latin sē. Cognate with Old Prussian sien (“oneself”).

Pronoun

*sę

  1. oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
  2. ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)
  3. each other (accusative)

Declension
Declension of the personal pronouns
Singular 1st person 2nd person Reflexive
Nominative *jãzъ, *jà *ty̑ —
Accusative *mę̑ *tę̑ *sę̑
Genitive *mȅne *tȅbe *sȅbe
Locative *mьně̀ *tebě̀ *sebě̀
Dative *mьně̀, *mi *tebě̀, *ti *sebě̀, *si
Instrumental *mъnòjǫ, *mъnojǫ̀ *tobòjǫ, *tobojǫ̀ *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀
Possessive *mojь *tvojь *svojь
Dual 1st person 2nd person Reflexive
Nominative *vě̑ *vȃ —
Accusative *nȃ *vȃ *sę̑
Genitive *nàju *vàju *sȅbe
Locative *nàju *vàju *sebě̀
Dative *nàma, *na *vàma, *va *sebě̀, *si
Instrumental *nàma *vàma *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀
Possessive *našь *vašь *svojь
Plural 1st person 2nd person Reflexive
Nominative *my̑ *vy̑ —
Accusative *ny̑ *vy̑ *sę̑
Genitive *nàsъ *vàsъ *sȅbe
Locative *nàsъ *vàsъ *sebě̀
Dative *nàmъ, *ny *vàmъ, *vy *sebě̀, *si
Instrumental *nàmi *vàmi *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀
Possessive *našь *vašь *svojь

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: сѧ (sę)
      • Old Ruthenian: -сѧ (-sja), сѧ (sja)
        • Belarusian: -ся (-sja) (merges with final "-ць" into "-цца")
        • Ukrainian: -ся (-sja) (before consonants) / -сь (-sʹ) (before vowels, unless after most consonants)
      • Russian: -ся (-sja) (after consonants) / -сь (-sʹ) (after vowels)
      • Old Novgorodian: сѧ (sę)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: сѧ (sę)
      Glagolitic script: ⱄⱔ (sę)
    • Bulgarian: се (se)
    • Macedonian: се (se)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: се
      Latin script: se
    • Slovene: se (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ся”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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