< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xapati
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Onomatopoeic. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʰap-, but it is nowadays reconstructed as *keh₂p- and would therefore be a separate onomatopoeia.
Morphologically, could be an intensive form of Proto-Slavic *xopiti (“to grab”) (with enlonged grade) + *-jeti.
Verb
Inflection
Conjugation of *xapati, *xapa, *xapľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*xapanьje | *xapati | *xapatъ | *xapalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *xapanъ | *xapľemъ |
Active | *xapavъ | *xapľę |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *xapaxъ | *xapa | *xapa | *xapľǫ | *xapľeši | *xapľetь |
Dual | *xapaxově | *xapasta | *xapaste | *xapľevě | *xapľeta | *xapľete |
Plural | *xapaxomъ | *xapaste | *xapašę | *xapľemъ | *xapľete | *xapľǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *xapaaxъ | *xapaaše | *xapaaše | — | *xapľi | *xapľi |
Dual | *xapaaxově | *xapaašeta | *xapaašete | *xapľivě | *xapľita | — |
Plural | *xapaaxomъ | *xapaašete | *xapaaxǫ | *xapľimъ | *xapľite | — |
Conjugation of *xapati, *xapa, *xapajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*xapanьje | *xapati | *xapatъ | *xapalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *xapanъ | *xapajemъ |
Active | *xapavъ | *xapaję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *xapaxъ | *xapa | *xapa | *xapajǫ | *xapaješi | *xapajetь |
Dual | *xapaxově | *xapasta | *xapaste | *xapajevě | *xapajeta | *xapajete |
Plural | *xapaxomъ | *xapaste | *xapašę | *xapajemъ | *xapajete | *xapajǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *xapaaxъ | *xapaaše | *xapaaše | — | *xapaji | *xapaji |
Dual | *xapaaxově | *xapaašeta | *xapaašete | *xapajivě | *xapajita | — |
Plural | *xapaaxomъ | *xapaašete | *xapaaxǫ | *xapajimъ | *xapajite | — |
Derived terms
- *jьzxapati
- *zaxapati
- *naxapati
- *oxapati
- *otъxapati
- *perxapati
- *poxapati
- *xapъka (“bite”) (in South Slavic)
- *xapъkъ (“gainful, lucrative”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: хапьѭще (xapĭjǫšte, “(while) biting”, nom. masc. pl. pres. act. part.)
- Bulgarian: ха́пя (hápja, “to bite”)
- Macedonian: апе (ape, “to bite”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: апати (“to bite, to sting”) (dialectal)
- Latin script: apati (“to bite, to sting”) (dialectal)
- Slovene: hȃpati (“to snap, (reflexive) to seize”) (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ха́пать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 333
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xapati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 18
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ха́пать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xāpàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 202: “v. (b) ‘seize’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “xapati: xapjǫ xapjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b gribe (SA 210; PR 137)”
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