< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xapati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Onomatopoeic. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʰap-, but it is nowadays reconstructed as *keh₂p- and would therefore be a separate onomatopoeia.

Morphologically, could be an intensive form of Proto-Slavic *xopiti (to grab) (with enlonged grade) + *-jeti.

Verb

*xāpàti impf (perfective *xapnǫti)[1][2]

  1. to seize, to snatch, to snap (in West, East Slavic; Slovene)
  2. to bite (in South Slavic)
    Synonym: *gryzati

Inflection

Derived terms

  • *jьzxapati
  • *zaxapati
  • *naxapati
  • *oxapati
  • *otъxapati
  • *perxapati
  • *poxapati
  • *xapъka (bite) (in South Slavic)
  • *xapъkъ (gainful, lucrative)

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: хапати (xapati, to seize, to bite, to sting, to trample) (11th century; accent paradigm b)
      • Belarusian: хапа́ць (xapácʹ, to grab)
      • Russian: ха́пать (xápatʹ, to seize, to grab)
      • Ukrainian: хапа́ти (xapáty, to seize, to steal, to grab)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: хапьѭще (xapĭjǫšte, (while) biting, nom. masc. pl. pres. act. part.)
    • Bulgarian: ха́пя (hápja, to bite)
    • Macedonian: апе (ape, to bite)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: апати (to bite, to sting) (dialectal)
      Latin script: apati (to bite, to sting) (dialectal)
    • Slovene: hȃpati (to snap, (reflexive) to seize) (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: chápat (to grasp, to understand, to seize)
    • Polish: chapać (to seize)
    • Slovak: сháраť (to understand)
    • Slovincian: chapac (to seize)
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: chapjaś

Further reading

  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ха́пать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 333
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xapati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 18
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ха́пать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References

  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xāpàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 202:v. (b) ‘seize’
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “xapati: xapjǫ xapjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander:b gribe (SA 210; PR 137)
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