< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vada
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Action noun of *vaditi (“to argue, to accuse, to hamper”) + *-a.
West Slavic meaning is derived from the figurative “slander, defamation” → “flaw”. Similar semantic shift is observed with synonymous *porokъ (in East, South Slavic).
Noun
*vada f
Declension
Declension of *vada (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vada | *vadě | *vady |
| genitive | *vady | *vadu | *vadъ |
| dative | *vadě | *vadama | *vadamъ |
| accusative | *vadǫ | *vadě | *vady |
| instrumental | *vadojǫ, *vadǫ** | *vadama | *vadami |
| locative | *vadě | *vadu | *vadasъ, *vadaxъ* |
| vocative | *vado | *vadě | *vady |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: вада (vada, “accusation”)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вада”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Anikin, A. E. (2011) “вада II”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 317
Etymology 2
Action noun of *vaditi (“to pull, to tug”) + *-a.
Alternative forms
- *vaďa (ja-stem, < *vaďati + *-a)
Declension
Declension of *vada (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vada | *vadě | *vady |
| genitive | *vady | *vadu | *vadъ |
| dative | *vadě | *vadama | *vadamъ |
| accusative | *vadǫ | *vadě | *vady |
| instrumental | *vadojǫ, *vadǫ** | *vadama | *vadami |
| locative | *vadě | *vadu | *vadasъ, *vadaxъ* |
| vocative | *vado | *vadě | *vady |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “vaja”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “iz *va̋d'a oz. *va̋da”
Further reading
- Anikin, A. E. (2011) “вада I”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 317
Etymology 3
Unclear:
- Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *voda (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (with acute and lengthening due to Winter's law). Perhaps parallel to Russian ва́дья (vádʹja, “puddle”), Belarusian ва́дкі (vádki, “watery”).
- Identical to Etymology 2 (per BER), analogous to Latvian vads (“pipe, conduction line”).
- Borrowed or cognate with Latin vadum (“ford”) (whence Romanian vad), Proto-Germanic *wadą (“shallow water”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ- (“to pass, to wade”). Favoured by Melnychuk for the Ukrainian descendant.
Declension
Declension of *vada (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vada | *vadě | *vady |
| genitive | *vady | *vadu | *vadъ |
| dative | *vadě | *vadama | *vadamъ |
| accusative | *vadǫ | *vadě | *vady |
| instrumental | *vadojǫ, *vadǫ** | *vadama | *vadami |
| locative | *vadě | *vadu | *vadasъ, *vadaxъ* |
| vocative | *vado | *vadě | *vady |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *vadišče (augmentative)
Descendants
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вадья”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Anikin, A. E. (2011) “вада IV”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 318
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “вада”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 318
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вада”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 111
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