< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strogъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Of uncertain age. According to Machek, perhaps ancient, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“stern, rigid”) + *-ogъ. Karaliūnas further adds as potential cognates Lithuanian stragùs (“strong, stern”), Latvian stragns (“stagnant”). Alternatively, Vasmer (partially following Preobražensky and Mladenov) considers gradual spread, first from Polish srogi (“strict”) into Russian and henceforth into the remaining Slavic languages. The later is maybe from Proto-Slavic *sorgъ whence also Old Church Slavonic срагъ (sragŭ, “cruel”).
Possibly related to Proto-Germanic *strakaz (“straight”) or Proto-Germanic *strangaz (“tight, strict, straight, strong”).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *strogъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *strogъ | *stroga | *strogo |
| genitive | *stroga | *strogy | *stroga |
| dative | *strogu | *strodzě | *strogu |
| accusative | *strogъ | *strogǫ | *strogo |
| instrumental | *strogomь | *strogojǫ | *strogomь |
| locative | *strodzě | *strodzě | *strodzě |
| vocative | *strože | *strogo | *strogo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *stroga | *strodzě | *strodzě |
| genitive | *strogu | *strogu | *strogu |
| dative | *strogoma | *strogama | *strogoma |
| accusative | *stroga | *strodzě | *strodzě |
| instrumental | *strogoma | *strogama | *strogoma |
| locative | *strogu | *strogu | *strogu |
| vocative | *stroga | *strodzě | *strodzě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *strodzi | *strogy | *stroga |
| genitive | *strogъ | *strogъ | *strogъ |
| dative | *strogomъ | *strogamъ | *strogomъ |
| accusative | *strogy | *strogy | *stroga |
| instrumental | *strogy | *strogami | *strogy |
| locative | *strodzěxъ | *strogaxъ | *strodzěxъ |
| vocative | *strodzi | *strogy | *stroga |
Definite declension of *strogъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *strogъjь | *strogaja | *strogoje |
| genitive | *strogajego | *strogyję̇ | *strogajego |
| dative | *strogujemu | *strodzěji | *strogujemu |
| accusative | *strogъjь | *strogǫjǫ | *strogoje |
| instrumental | *strogyjimь | *strogǫjǫ | *strogyjimь |
| locative | *strodzějemь | *strodzěji | *strodzějemь |
| vocative | *strogъjь | *strogaja | *strogoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *strogaja | *strodzěji | *strodzěji |
| genitive | *stroguju | *stroguju | *stroguju |
| dative | *strogyjima | *strogyjima | *strogyjima |
| accusative | *strogaja | *strodzěji | *strodzěji |
| instrumental | *strogyjima | *strogyjima | *strogyjima |
| locative | *stroguju | *stroguju | *stroguju |
| vocative | *strogaja | *strodzěji | *strodzěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *strodziji | *strogyję̇ | *strogaja |
| genitive | *strogъjixъ | *strogъjixъ | *strogъjixъ |
| dative | *strogyjimъ | *strogyjimъ | *strogyjimъ |
| accusative | *strogyję̇ | *strogyję̇ | *strogaja |
| instrumental | *strogyjimi | *strogyjimi | *strogyjimi |
| locative | *strogyjixъ | *strogyjixъ | *strogyjixъ |
| vocative | *strodziji | *strogyję̇ | *strogaja |
Derived terms
- *strogostь, *strogota
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “строгий”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “строгий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 447
- Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “строг”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 502
- “stragus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “strog”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “pslovan. *strogъ̏ (ali *strȍgъ)”
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