Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rota

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *vrota, from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁-.
Cognate with Sanskrit व्रत (vratám), Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬁𐬙𐬀 (urvāta), Ancient Greek ῥήτρᾱ (rhḗtrā), βρά̄τρᾱ (brá̄trā), ῥητός (rhētós), ῥῆμα (rhêma). Also Lithuanian var̃das, Latin verbum, Proto-Germanic *wurdą.
Or from earlier *rokta, from *reťi +‎ *-ta.

Noun

*rota f

oath, vow, swear

Inflection

Declension of *rota (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rota	*rotě	*roty
genitive	*roty	*rotu	*rotъ
dative	*rotě	*rotama	*rotamъ
accusative	*rotǫ	*rotě	*roty
instrumental	rotojǫ, rotǫ^**	*rotama	*rotami
locative	*rotě	*rotu	rotasъ, rotaxъ^*
vocative	*roto	*rotě	*roty

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*rotiti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: рота (rota)
  - Old Ruthenian: рота (rota)
  - Russian: рота (rota)
South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ро̀та
  
  Latin script: ròta
- Slovene: rota
West Slavic:
- Polish: rota

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рота”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “рота”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 176

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