< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/oje

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ajas, from Proto-Indo-European *Hóyh₁os (“pole, tiller”) (given as *h₂éyh₁os[1] by Snoj), perhaps ultimately from *h₂ey- (“to push, to force”) or *h₃ey- (“to steer”) (classical reconstructions just give *ei-/*oi- “post, bar”). Cognate with Proto-Finnic *aisa (“pole”) (of Indo-European origin, possibly Balto-Slavic), Ancient Greek οἰήϊον (oiḗïon, “handle of rudder”), Hittite 𒄭𒅖𒊭𒀭 (ḫišša-, “carriage pole”), Sanskrit ईषा (īṣā, “plank, pole”), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (aēša, “plough”). Further akin via other suffixes to Lithuanian íena (“thill”), Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”), Ancient Greek οἴᾱξ (oíāx, “helm”).

Noun

*ȍje n[2][1]

  1. thill, shaft
    Synonym: *grędeľь

Alterantive forms
  • *ojь m, *oja f (reanalyzed as masc. or fem. nouns at later times)

Declension

Originally:

Declension of *ȍje (s-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *ȍje *ȍjesi *ojesà
genitive *ȍjese *ojesù *ojèsъ
dative *ȍjesi *ojesьmà *ojèsьmъ
accusative *ȍje *ȍjesi *ojesà
instrumental *ȍjesьmь *ojesьmà *ojesý
locative *ȍjese *ojesù *ojèsьxъ
vocative *ȍje *ȍjesi *ojesà

Reanalyzed among some descendants as:

Declension of *ȍje (soft o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *ȍje *ȍji *ojà
genitive *ȍja *ojù *òjь
dative *ȍju *ojemà *ojémъ
accusative *ȍje *ȍji *ojà
instrumental *ȍjьmь, *ȍjemь* *ojemà *ojí
locative *ȍji *ojù *ojíxъ
vocative *ȍje *ȍji *ojà
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *ojьce, *ojica (diminutive)
  • *ojišče (augmentative)
  • *ojesьnъ, *ojьnъ (referencial adjectives)
    • *ojesьnica, *ojьnica (“handlebar”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: вае́ (vajé) (dialectal)
    • Russian: воё (vojó), вое́ (vojé) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: вія́ (vijá), воє́ (vojé) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: уя́ f (ujá) (Eastern Rupian)
      • ⇒ Bulgarian: ои́ще (oíšte), вои́ще (voíšte, “tillerbar of plough”) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: оје (oje, “hem, bar”) (Tetovo)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: о̀је n; о́ја f (secondary)
      Latin script: òje n; ója f (secondary)
    • Slovene: ojẹ̑ (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: oje n, ojě f
      • Czech: oj m
        • Moravian (Mistřice): u̯oje
    • Old Polish: oje
      • ⇒ Polish: wojnica (“rudderbar”)
    • Slovak: oje, ojo
    • Sorbian:
  • Non-Slavic:
    • ⇒ Romanian: oiște (“shaft, beam, pole of carriage”)

References
  1. Snoj, Marko (2016) “oje”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ȍje, rod. *ȍjese”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “oje”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 152)”

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*oje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 35
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “воё”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “війя”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 397
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “оище”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 822
  • “iena”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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