< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krъxa
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krušā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *krows-.
Inflection
Declension of *krъxà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *krъxà | *krъ̀śě | *krъxỳ |
| genitive | *krъxỳ | *krъxù | *krъ̀xъ |
| dative | *krъśě̀ | *krъxàma | *krъxàmъ |
| accusative | *krъxǫ̀ | *krъ̀śě | *krъxỳ |
| instrumental | *krъxòjǫ, *krъ̀xǫ** | *krъxàma | *krъxàmī |
| locative | *krъśě̀ | *krъxù | *krъxàsъ, *krъxàxъ* |
| vocative | *krъxo | *krъ̀śě | *krъxỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *krъxà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *krъxà | *krъ̏śě | *krъ̏xy |
| genitive | *krъxý | *krъxù | *krъ̀xъ |
| dative | *krъśě̀ | *krъxàma | *krъxàmъ |
| accusative | *krъ̏xǫ | *krъ̏śě | *krъ̏xy |
| instrumental | *krъxojǫ́ | *krъxàma | *krъxàmi |
| locative | *krъ̏śě | *krъxù | *krъxàsъ, *krъxàxъ* |
| vocative | *krъxo | *krъ̏śě | *krъ̏xy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Alternative forms
- *krъxъ m
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: кръха (krŭxa)
- From *krъxъ m
- Polish: krech
- Slovak: krh, krch
- Slovene: kŕh (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
- ⇒ Slovene: kŕhelj (“fragment”)
- From *krъxotina
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*krъxà; *krъxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 253: “(b/c) f. ā; m. o ‘lump’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “krъxa krъxy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (NA 88, 141f.; SA 24); b/c (PR 135) crumb”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кроха́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*krъxa, *krъxъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 51
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