< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopьje
 |
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably form the root of *kopati (“to dig”) + *-ьje (augmentative suffix), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kаpā́ˀtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to strike, beat”). Trubačev suggests, more precisely, substantivation of a possible compound like *kopьje *dervo (“stabbing wood”).
Akin to Lithuanian kapoklė (“cleaver”), Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “chopper”).
Declension
Most languages reflect AP b, but Serbo-Croatian and Slovene also show AP c.
Declension of *kopьjè (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kopьjè | *kopь̀ji | *kopь̀ja |
| genitive | *kopьjà | *kopьju | *kopь̀jь |
| dative | *kopьjù | *kopьjema | *kopь̀jemъ |
| accusative | *kopьjè | *kopь̀ji | *kopь̀ja |
| instrumental | *kopьjь̀mь, *kopьjèmь* | *kopьjema | *kopь̀ji |
| locative | *kopьjì | *kopьju | *kopь̀jixъ |
| vocative | *kopьjè | *kopь̀ji | *kopь̀ja |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Declension of *kȍpьje (soft o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kȍpьje | *kȍpьji | *kopьjà |
| genitive | *kȍpьja | *kopьjù | *kopь̀jь |
| dative | *kȍpьju | *kopьjemà | *kopьjémъ |
| accusative | *kȍpьje | *kȍpьji | *kopьjà |
| instrumental | *kȍpьjьmь, *kȍpьjemь* | *kopьjemà | *kopьjí |
| locative | *kȍpьji | *kopьjù | *kopьjíxъ |
| vocative | *kȍpьje | *kȍpьji | *kopьjà |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: копьё (kopʹjó)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kopьje”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 234: “n. io ‘spear, lance’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “kopьje”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b lanse, spyd (SA 150; PR 135)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “kọ̄pje”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kopьjȅ (ali *kȍpьje)”
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopьje/*kopьja”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 40
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “копие¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 616
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.