< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gvězda
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gwaizdāˀ / *źwaizdāˀ (*gwaiźdāˀ / *źwaiźdāˀ?), from Proto-Indo-European:
- Derksen: *ǵʰwoyǵʰ-dʰeh₁- / *ǵʰwoydʰ-dʰeh₁-.
- ЭССЯ: *ǵʰwoy-steh₂ (“standing luminary”), from *ǵʰwoy- (var. *gʷʰay-) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) (cf. *stē̆r-).
- Vasmer: probably last syllable contains *dʰē- (“to put, place”)
- Pokorny: *ǵʰwoygʷ-(e)s-d-eh₂ (-(e)s- stem, *-d(eh₂)), from *ǵʰwoygʷ- (“to shine; star”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian žvaigždė̃, Samogitian žvaiždie, Latvian zvàigzne, Old Prussian Asg. swāigstan.
Indo-European cognates include Ossetian ӕвзи́ст (ævzíst) / ӕвзестӕ (ævzestæ, “silver”) (< Old Ossetic *zvestæ).
Inflection
Declension of *gvě̄zdà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *gvě̄zdà | *gvě̃zdě | *gvě̄zdỳ |
| genitive | *gvě̄zdỳ | *gvě̄zdù | *gvě̃zdъ |
| dative | *gvě̄zdě̀ | *gvě̄zdàma | *gvě̄zdàmъ |
| accusative | *gvě̄zdǫ̀ | *gvě̃zdě | *gvě̄zdỳ |
| instrumental | *gvě̄zdòjǫ, *gvě̃zdǫ** | *gvě̄zdàma | *gvě̄zdàmī |
| locative | *gvě̄zdě̀ | *gvě̄zdù | *gvě̄zdàsъ, *gvě̄zdàxъ* |
| vocative | *gvězdo | *gvě̃zdě | *gvě̄zdỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
- *zvězda
Derived terms
- *gvězdatъ
- *gvězdьnъ
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “звезда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “звезда”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 319
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gvězda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 181
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gvě̄zdà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 195: “f. ā (b) ‘star’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “gvězda gvězdy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (NA 91f., 141; SA 20, 156); b/c (PR 138) star”
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