< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/goniti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gánīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European gʷʰon-éye-ti, from *gʷʰen- (“to kill, strike”).

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ganýti (“to graze, to pasture”), Latvian ganît (“to guard, to pasture”), Lithuanian giñti (“to chase, to drive”) (1sg. genù), also gìnti (1sg. ginù), Latvian dzìt (“to chase, to drive, to persecute”) (1sg. dzȩnu), Old Prussian guntwei (“to chase, to drive”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit हन्ति (hánti, “to strike, to kill”), Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (jainti), Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to kill”), Albanian gjuaj (“to chase”), Old Irish gonaid (“to injure”).

Verb

*gonìti impf[1][2]

  1. to chase
  2. to persecute

Inflection
Conjugation of *goniti, *goni, *gonitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*goňenьje *goniti *gonitъ *gonilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *goňenъ *gonimъ
Active *goňь *gonę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gonixъ*goni*goni *goňǫ*goniši*gonitь
Dual *gonixově*gonista*goniste *gonivě*gonita*gonite
Plural *gonixomъ*goniste*gonišę *gonimъ*gonite*gonętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *goňaaxъ*goňaaše*goňaaše —*goni*goni
Dual *goňaaxově*goňaašeta*goňaašete *gonivě*gonita—
Plural *goňaaxomъ*goňaašete*goňaaxǫ *gonimъ*gonite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*gonivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
  • *gъnàti (“to chase, to persecute”)
  • *gaňati (“to chase, to persecute (iterative)”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: гонити (goniti)
      • Belarusian: гані́ць (hanícʹ) (dialectal)
      • Russian: гони́ть (gonítʹ) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: гонити (honyty)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: honiti
    • Kashubian: gònic
    • Polish: gonić
    • Silesian: gōnić
    • Slovak: honiť
    • Slovincian: gônjic
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: honić
      • Lower Sorbian: góniś

Further reading
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гнать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 194
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гоню́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*goniti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 23

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gonìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 177: “v. (b) ‘chase, persecute’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “goniti: gonjǫ gonitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b jage (PR 137)”
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